Exhibits

Diesel trains

AV AM MOT-758

<space=1em>Self-propelled railcar

<space=1em>The ABAMMOT 758 railcar is actually a self-propelled passenger railcar equipped with a diesel engine. Built in 1939 in Romania at the Malaxa plant, it came to the USSR during the Great Patriotic War as a war trophy. For a long time it was used on the October Railway as the official transport of the head of the road. Property of the Federal State Budgetary Cultural Institution "Central Museum of Railway Transport of Russia".

<space=1em>The emergence of railcars

<space=1em>Serious work on improving diesel engines led to the fact that the 1920s–1930s of the last century became the time of mass introduction of diesel engines on the world's railways.

<space=1em>As a result, many countries began to design motor cars (railcars) and diesel trains equipped with high-speed and lightweight diesel engines, more economical, with an increased service life and higher efficiency compared to carburetor gasoline engines.

<space=1em>The new motor cars were designed in a single concept. These were high-speed (120–160 km/h), all-metal diesel cars with smooth aerodynamic shapes, designed to transport wealthy passengers of I and II classes. Passengers were offered an unprecedented level of comfort — soft sofas, air conditioning, and buffets in individual cars. Bogies were specially developed for high-speed motor cars, ensuring a quiet and smooth ride at speeds over 100 km/h, which was quite a difficult task for engineers of that time.

<space=1em>It is not surprising that such high-speed railcars became one of the symbols of technical progress on the railways of that time. The most typical examples of such rolling stock include diesel trains "Zephyr" (USA), "Fliegender Hamburger" (Germany), railcars "MAN" (Lithuania), "Luxtorpeda" (Poland), "Littorina" (Italy), "Michelin", "Renault" (France).

<space=1em>Hungary and Romania

<space=1em>In the early 1930s, the Hungarian machine-building plant "Ganz" in Budapest developed its own type of high-speed railcars, which were named after the Hungarian national hero - Arpad. During 1933–1940 the plant built 40 high-speed Árpád railcars for the railways of Hungary, Belgium and Egypt. In 1934 Ganz sold the license for the production of diesel engines and mechanical transmissions to the Romanian engineering plant Malaxa in Bucharest.

<space=1em>Since 1939 the Malaxa plant began building its own high-speed railcars, which were almost a complete copy of the licensed Hungarian ones. In total, during 1939–1954 43 such railcars with numbers from 751 to 793 were built. On Romanian Railways they received the 78 series. Most of them were used on the Bucharest - Brasov and Bucharest - Constanta lines. In Romania, the operation of the 78 series railcars, which had been repeatedly modernized over the years, ended in 2010

<space=1em>At least five such railcars were moved to Germany and Austria during World War II. Two (and according to some information - three) ended up in the USSR as war trophies after the end of the war. Their exact fate, as well as their location during the period 1945-1947 are still unknown.

<space=1em>Museum item

<space=1em>The ABAMMOT 758 railcar was built in 1939 at the Malaxa plant in Bucharest, Romania, under the designation 78 759. In the USSR it received a new designation ABMOT758 (railcar, motor, number 758). In 1948, after inspection in the rolling stock repair shops at the Unecha station of the Belarusian Railway, it was sent to the October Railway, where it began to be used as a service car for the head of the road, and received the designation Ok 1. In this capacity, it operated until 1989.

<space=1em>In the 1970s at the Oktyabrsky Electric Car Repair Plant in Leningrad, the railcar underwent a major overhaul, during which the interior trim was changed. The body was also repaired, as a result of which its appearance changed somewhat. At the end of its service life, the railcar was used as a non-self-propelled car due to wear of the mechanical part and the power plant. At least since the 1970s it was based at the Leningrad-Varshavsky locomotive depot, from where in 1989 after the end of service it was transferred to the Central Museum of Railway Transport of the USSR.

<space=1em>Until 2016 the railcar was on display at the Central Museum of the October Railway at the former Varshavsky Station in St. Petersburg.

ID экспоната: 127

Галерея изображений: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/1c/c2/s11cc2d9bcd653decf68f3026331a30fcfde95bed7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/56/90/s15690f0463034f1e6a5e9c9cdd7aaf0586ac77df7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/82/57/s18257077c82aa8b55cac15d4fadf5b8efa6ebf713.jpg

Галерея изображений (оригинал): http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/1c/c2/1cc2d9bcd653decf68f3026331a30fcfde95bed7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/56/90/5690f0463034f1e6a5e9c9cdd7aaf0586ac77df7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/82/57/8257077c82aa8b55cac15d4fadf5b8efa6ebf713.jpg

Галерея изображений 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/1c/c2/s21cc2d9bcd653decf68f3026331a30fcfde95bed7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/56/90/s25690f0463034f1e6a5e9c9cdd7aaf0586ac77df7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/82/57/s28257077c82aa8b55cac15d4fadf5b8efa6ebf713.jpg

Исторические фото: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/6f/61/s16f61919bf9ecb9c635bdcdf6bf66da7f345824d0.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/b6/8d/s1b68dfe7318058c59bad20060470314de196d85dd.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/d9/a3/s1d9a33af485949988eab7fb1eaf95debbc47d4216.png / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/f8/40/s1f84004ff2d42f86a62d74efb05ee4e7f8f482585.png / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/f9/e6/s1f9e6486acbc7e5f0247a379cf43bc2172e96088d.jpg

Параметры (технические характеристики): Diesel power, hp 220 Power transmission type Mechanical / Design speed, km/h 110 Service weight, t 41.4 Diesel type Malax-Ganz MG-200 Diesel characteristics Vertical, six-cylinder, four-stroke, compressorless Transmission type Mechanical, Ganz system Number of drive bogies 1 Transmission from gearbox to axle reducers PTO for each axle Gearbox Five-speed Generator type DC Power, kW 4.5 Voltage, V 24–26 Axle reducer gear ratio 1.78 Length between couplings, mm 23,995 Maximum width, mm 2,985 Height from UHG, mm 3,780 Number of seats Soft — 24; rigid — 28 Length between couplings, mm 23,995

План: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/26/80/26801b73c1470a5a0fa9002dc82b73a96bb44c09.jpg

План 1000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/26/80/s126801b73c1470a5a0fa9002dc82b73a96bb44c09.jpg

План 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/26/80/s226801b73c1470a5a0fa9002dc82b73a96bb44c09.jpg

Хронология: <space=1em>The ABAMMOT 758 railcar was developed at the Ganz plant in Hungary and built under license in 1939 at the Malaxa plant in Bucharest, Romania. Its designation (series and number) is 78 758. On the railways of the USSR, the railcar received the ABAMMOT 758 series - railcar, motor, number 758. <space=1em>The railcar entered the territory of the USSR in June 1940, when the territorial dispute with Romania was resolved. It was associated with the return of Bessarabia, which was torn away from the Russian Empire back in 1918. <space=1em>ABAMMOT 758 was converted to a 1,524 mm gauge and since 1949 was used together with two-axle AVMX series railcars at the Vilnius depot. 15 two-axle AVMX railcars came to the Kishinev Railway, formed in 1940, from Romania, as did the ABAMMOT 758. <space=1em>In 1934–1935, the Kolomna Locomotive Plant carried out work on the design of suburban (project T-7) and high-speed (project T-6) railcars. But the plant was busy building steam locomotives of the SU, 9P series and complex-to-produce tender condensers for SO series steam locomotives. Soon, World War II began, and the projects could not be implemented. <space=1em>The railcar was examined in the rolling stock repair shops at Unecha station (Belorussian Railway), after which it was sent to the October Railway. There, the railcar received the road number OK 1, where OK stands for October Railway, and 1 is its serial number. It worked as a service car for the head of the road until 1989. <space=1em>In the 1970s, the railcar underwent major repairs at the October Electric Car Repair Plant (OEVRZ) in Leningrad. Due to its age, uniqueness, and lack of spare parts, the engine and mechanical transmission were dismantled, and it began to be used as a non-self-propelled car. It was based at the Leningrad-Varshavsky locomotive depot, from where in 1989, after the end of its service, it was transferred to the Central Museum of Railway Transport of the USSR. <space=1em>A similar railcar called Arpad has been used on Hungarian Railways since 1987 for retro trips. Railcars of this type were created to work on high-speed trains. The first railcar was put into operation in 1934 to work on express trains between Budapest and Vienna. They covered the distance of 260 km in 2 hours 57 minutes. This record time ensured the success of the Ganz&Co company.

Блоки описания: [{"quote":"The railcar is a self-propelled car for transporting passengers, equipped with a diesel engine.","title":"AVАМ<\/sup>МОТ<\/sub> Passenger Railcar","images":[],"content":"The AVАМ<\/sup>МОТ<\/sub> 758 railcar is a self-propelled car for transporting passengers, equipped with a diesel engine. It was built at the Malaxa plant in Romania in 1939 and made its way to the USSR during the Great Patriotic War as spoils of war. For a long time, it was operated on the Oktyabrskaya Railway as the official car of the head of the railway. Property of the Central Museum of Railway Transport of Russia.","subtitle":"Self-Propelled Car"},{"quote":"Rail motor cars reached speeds of 120–160 km\/h. Passengers were offered an unprecedented level of comfort — soft sofas, an air-conditioning system and buffets in a dedicated car.","title":"Development History","images":[],"content":"Serious improvements made to diesel engines let the 1920s and 1930s become a time of mass introduction of diesel engines on railways around the world.\r\n\r\nAs a result, many countries began to design rail motor cars (railcars) and diesel trains, equipped with high-speed and light-weight diesel engines, which were more economical, had a better engine life, and were more efficient than petrol carburettor engines.\r\n\r\nThe new rail motor cars were founded on the same concept. They were high-speed (120–160 km\/h), all-metal diesel cars with sleek, aerodynamic shapes, designed to carry wealthy first and second class passengers. Passengers were offered an unprecedented level of comfort — soft sofas, an air-conditioning system, and buffets in a dedicated car. Specially designed trucks were developed for high-speed rail motor cars, providing quiet and smooth travel at speeds over 100 km\/h, which was quite a feat for engineers of the time.","subtitle":"The Emergence of Railcars"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"Unsurprisingly, high-speed railcars became of the symbols of technological progress on the railways of the time. Among the most emblematic of this kind of rolling stock are the Zephyr (USA) and Fliegender Hamburger (Germany) diesel trains and the MAN (Lithuania), Luxtorpeda (Poland), Littorina (Italy), Michelin and Renault (France) railcars.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"43 copies of Hungarian railcars were built in Romania. At least five ended up in Germany and Austria during the war, and two or three were taken to the USSR as spoils of war.","title":"","images":[],"content":"In the early 1930s, Budapest-based Hungarian engineering plant Ganz developed its own type of high-speed railcar, which was named after Hungarian national hero Árpád. From 1933 to 1940, the plant built 40 Árpád high-speed railcars for the railways of Hungary, Belgium, and Egypt. In 1934, Ganz sold a licence for the manufacture of diesel engines and mechanical transmission to Romanian engineering plant Malaxa in Bucharest.\r\n\r\nIn 1939, Malaxa began manufacturing its own high-speed railcars, which were almost exact copies of the Hungarian licenced versions. Between 1939 and 1954, 43 of these railcars were produced, numbered from 751 to 793. On Romania’s Căile Ferate Române railways, they were designated as Class 78. Most of them were operated on the Bucharest–Brașov and Bucharest–Constanța lines. Class 78 underwent repeated modernisation throughout its years of service, and its operation in Romania ended in 2010.","subtitle":"Hungary and Romania"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"At least five of these railcars ended up in Germany and Austria during World War II. After the end of the war, two (or, according to some sources, three) were taken to the USSR as spoils of war. Their exact fate and whereabouts in 1945–1947 are not yet known.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"The museum exhibit was used on the Oktyabrskaya Railway as the official car of the head of the railway.","title":"Museum Exhibit","images":[],"content":"Railcar AVAАМ<\/sup>МОТ<\/sub> 758 was built in 1939 at the Malaxa plant in Bucharest, Romania, under the designation 78 759. In the USSR, it was renamed to AVAАМ<\/sup>МОТ<\/sub> 758 (“avtomotrisa, motornaya” (railcar, motorised), number 758). In 1948, after examination in the rolling stock repair workshops at the Unecha Station on the Belarusian Railway, it was delivered to the Oktyabrskaya Railway, where it was used as the official car of the head of the railway and was known as Ok 1. It operated in this capacity until 1989.","subtitle":"AVAАМ<\/sup>МОТ<\/sub> 758 (Ok 1)"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"In the 1970s, the railcar underwent major repairs at the Oktyabrsky Electric Car Repair Plant, during which the interior trim was changed. The body was also repaired, which resulted in some changes to its appearance. Due to wear of its mechanical parts and power plant, at the end of its service life, the railcar was being used as a non-propelled car. Since at least 1970, it was based at the Leningrad-Varshavsky Depot, from where it was handed over to the Central Museum of Railway Transport of the USSR at the end of its service life in 1989.","subtitle":""}]

Характеристики (блоками): [{"name":"Plant","type":"text","value":"Malaxa (Romania)","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"License of the plant","type":"text","value":"Ganz (Hungary)","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Year of release","type":"number","value":"1939","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel power, l. With.","type":"number","value":"220","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Power transmission type","type":"text","value":"Mechanical","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Axial formula","type":"number","value":"2 0<\/sub> – 2","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Design speed, km\/h","type":"number","value":"110","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Service mass, t","type":"number","value":"41,4","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel type","type":"text","value":"Malax-Gantz MG-200","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel characteristics","type":"text","value":"Six-cylinder","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of drive trolleys","type":"number","value":"1","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Transmission","type":"text","value":"Five-speed","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Generator type","type":"text","value":"DC","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Axial gear ratio","type":"number","value":"1,78","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Length between couplers, mm","type":"number","value":"23 995","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Maximum width, mm","type":"number","value":"2 985","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Height from UVGR, mm","type":"number","value":"3 780","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of soft seats","type":"number","value":"24","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of hard seats","type":"number","value":"28","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Length between couplers, mm","type":"number","value":"23 995","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Voltage, V","type":"number","value":"24–26","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Power, kW","type":"number","value":"4.5","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Location of the diesel engine","type":"text","value":"Vertical","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Kind of diesel engine","type":"text","value":"Uncompressed","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Fuel combustion cycle","type":"text","value":"Four-stroke","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Transmission","type":"text","value":"Ganz system","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Transmission from gearbox to axial gearboxes","type":"text","value":"Cardan on each axle","is_two_colls":false}]

История (блоками): [{"year":"1930","content":"Hungarian plant Ganz develops the Árpád high-speed railcar."},{"year":"1934","content":"Ganz sells a licence for the manufacture of diesel engines and mechanical transmission to Romanian plant Malaxa."},{"year":"1939","content":"Production of Class 78 railcars begins in Romania."},{"year":"1941–1945","content":"During the Great Patriotic War, a Romanian passenger railcar ends up in the USSR."},{"year":"1948","content":"The railcar is named Ok 1 and becomes the official car of the head of the Oktyabrskaya Railway."},{"year":"1970s","content":"Ok 1 undergoes major repairs, and its appearance changes slightly."},{"year":"1989","content":"The railcar gains a second lease on life as a museum exhibit."}]

Чертежи (блоками): [{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/26\/80\/s226801b73c1470a5a0fa9002dc82b73a96bb44c09.jpg","title":""}]

Модель (деталка): AVAАММОТ 758

Заголовок (деталка): Passenger railcar

Подвал описания: Until 2016, the railcar was on display at the Central Museum of the Oktyabrskaya Railway at the former Varshavsky Station in St. Petersburg.

Заголовок истории: Chronology

Mnemonic code: 127

Code in external DB source: 453

Name: AV AM MOT-758

Return to the list