Exhibits

Showcases

Terminal

<space=1em>The First Containers

<space=1em>The world's first container terminal opened in 1932 in the American city of Enola. It used containers manufactured by engineer Benjamin Fitch. But the idea of combining rail, sea and road container transportation did not take root at first — there simply was not enough normal infrastructure.

<space=1em>In the 1950s Malcolm McLean proposed the idea of using standard containers to transport cargo. In 1956 he opened the Sealand company. A converted tanker was used to transport containers. Already the first flight April 26 1956 from Newark to Houston exceeded all expectations: the time for processing one ton of cargo was reduced sixfold, and the volume of physical labor — fourfold.

<space=1em>Containers in Russia

<space=1em>In the USSR, the first specialized container terminal was created in 1973 in the Big Port of Leningrad. In 1998 JSC "First Container Terminal" was founded on its basis.

<space=1em>In October 2003 the Center for the transportation of cargo in containers "TransContainer", a branch of OJSC "Russian Railways", was created. In March 2006 it was transformed into an open joint-stock company — a subsidiary of OJSC Russian Railways. It accounts for about 47% of rail container transportation in the country.

<space=1em>Container terminals provide temporary storage of cargo, allowing for its simultaneous management, and efficient transportation and transportation of cargo between different modes of transport. Management and coordination with logistics operations are also important. The terminals are equipped with modern control systems, automated technologies and software. It is also important that they ensure complete cargo safety and comprehensive control over the integrity of containers.

<space=1em>As of March 2024, there are 120 rail container terminals in Russia.

ID экспоната: 233

Галерея изображений: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c9/df/s1c9dfac165604b79c07d51c93fd4d7a92231da20f.jpg

Галерея изображений (оригинал): http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c9/df/c9dfac165604b79c07d51c93fd4d7a92231da20f.jpg

Галерея изображений 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c9/df/s2c9dfac165604b79c07d51c93fd4d7a92231da20f.jpg

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Хронология: <space=1em>The idea of swap bodies for carriages belongs to the pioneer of railways Robert Stephenson. In the North American states, there were some attempts to use containers in the mid-19th century, but all this required new infrastructure, crane equipment and support of a large number of carriers. <space=1em>Before the First World War, containers were used in England to transport goods to the continent, and already during the war, containers were also used in the USA to transport explosives and military equipment to the European continent. The introduction of containers into circulation created competition for road transport, especially in the field of transportation of piece goods. <space=1em>In Russia, the first experiments with containers were carried out in 1889 at the Verzhbolovo station on the border with East Prussia. Engineer Sachs built a swap body consisting of two parts and installed on a platform. The next attempt was made in 1918 at the Moscow-Oktyabrskaya station, where experiments were conducted on loading and unloading detachable bodies of the S. G. Alekseev system. <space=1em>In 1930, the issue of containers was again raised before the People's Commissariat of Railways on the initiative of Soyuztara. The commission created in the same year developed two types of so-called universal containers intended for the transportation of valuable small shipments. The first 20 universal containers with a gross carrying capacity of 1 ton each entered trial operation on the section between Moscow and Leningrad in December 1932. In April 1932, 50 containers with a gross carrying capacity of 2.5 tons were produced. This marked the beginning of container transportation in the USSR. <space=1em>In 1932, 50 containers with a gross carrying capacity of 2.5 tons were built, which entered operation in April 1932. These were solid wooden containers measuring 2,200 x 1,300 x 2,470 mm, which were used until 1935 and made 120 trips each. <space=1em>Since 1935, containers with a carrying capacity of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 tons were designed based on the accepted technical specifications, mandatory for all organizations building universal containers, and the dimensions and gross weight of the containers had to comply with the standard approved on May 8, 1935 by the VKS under the STO (Council of Labor and Defense). <space=1em>Wooden containers were used until 1966. Since the early 1950s, the construction of all-metal containers of various carrying capacities has gradually begun: <space=1em>— Low-tonnage metal containers with a gross weight of 1.25 t for transporting small shipments in covered wagons. The container tare weight was 193 kg, volume — 1.125 m³. <space=1em>— Containers with a gross weight of 3 t. The container had an all-metal frame body, covered with metal sheets. The container tare weight was 585 kg, volume — 5.12 m³. <space=1em>— Containers with a gross weight of 5 t. The container design was similar to the design of a container with a carrying capacity of 3 t. The container tare weight was 1,100 kg, volume — 10.2 m³. <space=1em>Transportation of large-sized cargo was carried out in large-capacity metal containers with a gross weight of 10 and 20 tons. In addition to universal containers, special containers were used for transporting meat, milk, butter (refrigerated containers), as well as bulk cargo. Separately, it is worth noting the existence of containers for the transportation of mail.

Блоки описания: [{"quote":"","title":"The First Containers","images":[],"content":"The world's first container terminal opened in 1932 in the American city of Enola. It used containers manufactured by engineer Benjamin Fitch. But the idea of combining rail, sea and road container transportation did not take root at first — there simply was not enough normal infrastructure.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn the 1950s Malcolm McLean proposed the idea of using standard containers to transport cargo. In 1956 he opened the Sealand company. A converted tanker was used to transport containers. Already the first flight April 26 1956 from Newark to Houston exceeded all expectations: the time for processing one ton of cargo was reduced sixfold, and the volume of physical labor — fourfold.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"Containers in Russia","images":[],"content":"In the USSR, the first specialized container terminal was created in 1973 in the Big Port of Leningrad. In 1998 JSC \"First Container Terminal\" was founded on its basis.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn October 2003 the Center for the transportation of cargo in containers \"TransContainer\", a branch of OJSC \"Russian Railways\", was created. In March 2006 it was transformed into an open joint-stock company — a subsidiary of OJSC Russian Railways. It accounts for about 47% of rail container transportation in the country.\r\n\r\n\r\nContainer terminals provide temporary storage of cargo, allowing for its simultaneous management, and efficient transportation and transportation of cargo between different modes of transport. Management and coordination with logistics operations are also important. The terminals are equipped with modern control systems, automated technologies and software. It is also important that they ensure complete cargo safety and comprehensive control over the integrity of containers.\r\n\r\n\r\nAs of March 2024, there are 120 rail container terminals in Russia.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"Before the First World War, containers were used in England to transport goods to the continent, and already during the war, containers were also used in the USA to transport explosives and military equipment to the European continent. The introduction of containers into circulation created competition for road transport, especially in the field of transportation of piece goods.\r\n\r\n— Low-tonnage metal containers with a gross weight of 1.25 t for transporting small shipments in covered wagons. The container tare weight was 193 kg, volume — 1.125 m³.\r\n\r\n— Containers with a gross weight of 3 t. The container had an all-metal frame body, covered with metal sheets. The container tare weight was 585 kg, volume — 5.12 m³.\r\n\r\n— Containers with a gross weight of 5 t. The container design was similar to the design of a container with a carrying capacity of 3 t. The container tare weight was 1,100 kg, volume — 10.2 m³.\r\n\r\nTransportation of large-sized cargo was carried out in large-capacity metal containers with a gross weight of 10 and 20 tons. In addition to universal containers, special containers were used for transporting meat, milk, butter (refrigerated containers), as well as bulk cargo. Separately, it is worth noting the existence of containers for the transportation of mail.","subtitle":"Historical context"}]

История (блоками): [{"year":"19th century","content":"The idea of swap bodies for carriages belongs to the pioneer of railways Robert Stephenson. In the North American states, there were some attempts to use containers in the mid-19th century, but all this required new infrastructure, crane equipment and support of a large number of carriers."},{"year":"1889","content":"In Russia, the first experiments with containers were carried out in 1889 at the Verzhbolovo station on the border with East Prussia. Engineer Sachs built a swap body consisting of two parts and installed on a platform. The next attempt was made in 1918 at the Moscow-Oktyabrskaya station, where experiments were conducted on loading and unloading detachable bodies of the S. G. Alekseev system."},{"year":"1930","content":"In 1930, the issue of containers was again raised before the People's Commissariat of Railways on the initiative of Soyuztara. The commission created in the same year developed two types of so-called universal containers intended for the transportation of valuable small shipments. The first 20 universal containers with a gross carrying capacity of 1 ton each entered trial operation on the section between Moscow and Leningrad in December 1932. In April 1932, 50 containers with a gross carrying capacity of 2.5 tons were produced. This marked the beginning of container transportation in the USSR."},{"year":"1932","content":"In 1932, 50 containers with a gross carrying capacity of 2.5 tons were built, which entered operation in April 1932. These were solid wooden containers measuring 2,200 x 1,300 x 2,470 mm, which were used until 1935 and made 120 trips each."},{"year":"1935","content":"Since 1935, containers with a carrying capacity of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 tons were designed based on the accepted technical specifications, mandatory for all organizations building universal containers, and the dimensions and gross weight of the containers had to comply with the standard approved on May 8, 1935 by the VKS under the STO (Council of Labor and Defense)."},{"year":"1966","content":"Wooden containers were used until 1966. Since the early 1950s, the construction of all-metal containers of various carrying capacities has gradually begun:"}]

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Модель (деталка): Terminal

Заголовок (деталка): Museum display

Заголовок истории: Chronology

Mnemonic code: 233

Code in external DB source: 465

Name: Terminal

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