Exhibits

Steam locomotives

O^K 5294

<b>Freight locomotive O^K 5294 with a 4-axle tender of freight locomotive O^P 7583<b>

<space=1em><b>About the steam locomotive series</b>

<space=1em>In 1892, the term "normal steam locomotive" or "normal steam locomotive" became established on Russian railways—that is, a locomotive standardized and brought to established standards. Early "normal" steam locomotives of the 1892, 1893, and 1897 types had four driving wheel pairs (0-4-0 axle arrangement), a Joye steam distribution mechanism, and a compound engine. The compound engine's principle was that steam first entered a high-pressure (right) cylinder of smaller diameter, located on the right side of the locomotive, and then—after operating in it—passed to a low-pressure (left) cylinder of larger diameter. It was assumed that reducing the temperature difference in the cylinders during the power stroke and, consequently, reducing heat loss during steam condensation would lead to fuel savings. However, despite a number of advantages, the "normal types" with the Joy mechanism demonstrated low fuel efficiency: per unit of work performed, they consumed more fuel than their predecessors with a similar design, but with a simple engine (identical cylinders) and a more archaic steam distribution system - a rocker mechanism inside the frame.

<space=1em>Tests of "normal 1897 type" steam locomotives conducted from 1898 to 1900 on the Kharkov-Mykolaiv Railway revealed unsatisfactory steam distribution. Engineer Yu. V. Lomonosov therefore proposed a design for redesigning the steam distribution mechanism, but subsequent testing of modernized locomotives showed that this measure alone was insufficient.

<space=1em>In 1900, the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant built two steam locomotives (factory type 66) for the Southwestern Railways with a Walschaert steam distribution mechanism. The plant made modifications to it intended to reduce the "play" of the stone in the gear. The design also included other adjustments, including a reduction in the heating surface and an increase in the cylinder diameter, which led to a mismatch between the boiler and the engine. Although the first 0-4-0 locomotives with the Walschaert mechanism were generally unsuccessful, this did not directly affect their steam distribution system.

<space=1em>The following year, in 1901, the 23rd Advisory Congress of Traction Service Engineers drafted a list of measures to improve the "normal type of 1897" steam locomotive. It proposed replacing Joy's steam distribution with Walshart mechanisms, Ramsbottom's safety valves with lever-and-spring units, and using four-axle tenders—designed by the Kharkov plant—along with three-axle tenders. That same year, the Putilov Plant began producing steam locomotives in accordance with the congress's decisions; these became known as the "normal type of 1901" locomotives.

<space=1em>The "normal type 1904" steam locomotives differed from the "normal type 1901" locomotives by a number of improvements; in addition, the steam pressure in the boiler was increased from 11.5 to 12 kgf/cm².

<space=1em>From 1903 to 1907, the Kolomna plant built steam locomotives of the factory type 89 - similar to the normal ones (factory type 88), but equipped with a steam distribution mechanism with changes similar to those used on the factory type 66.

The changes made by the Kolomna plant did not directly affect the Walschaert system's link mechanism: the link stone drive within the link was redesigned. Instead of a drive from the reverser transfer shaft via rods, a sliding clutch system was used, which was expected to reduce the "play" of the stone relative to the link as the locomotive moved.

<space=1em>Later, a similar mechanism was used on domestic steam locomotives only once - on industrial tank locomotives of the 9P series, also developed by the Kolomna plant, the serial production of which began in 1936.

<space=1em>The growth of transportation required more powerful locomotives, and track reinforcement already allowed for this—so production of the "normal type 1905" steam locomotives with a 1-4-0 axle arrangement began (in 1912, this series received the designation Щ). After this, orders for 0-4-0 steam locomotives continued, but significantly decreased. Beginning in 1907, some 0-4-0 steam locomotives were equipped with superheaters during construction; superheaters also began to be installed on previously built "normal" steam locomotives.

<space=1em>In 1912, a unified system for designating locomotive series was introduced in Russia. According to it, all "normal" 0-4-0 locomotives were assigned the O series, from the word "main." Locomotives of the "normal types of 1901 and 1904" with a compound engine and Walschaert mechanism were designated O^B, and locomotives with a Walschaert mechanism modified by the Kolomna Plant were designated O^K. The indexes reflected the authorship of Walschaert and the Kolomna Plant. Locomotives with the Joye mechanism were also designated by the same logic: "normal types of 1892 and 1893" - O^d, "normal type of 1897" - O^k. — O^D, and with steam distribution modified at the suggestion of Yu. V. Lomonosov — O^L. Steam locomotives 0-4-0 with superheaters received the index O^P.

<space=1em>When the unified system was introduced, both Kolomna type 66 steam locomotives received the same O^K designation as the “normal” type 89 steam locomotives, despite significant differences.

<space=1em>According to the Kolomna Plant, 334 Type 89 steam locomotives were built. The widely accepted estimate of 265 locomotives does not take into account locomotives built for private roads, nor the fact that some of the Kolomna-spec Walschaert locomotives were erroneously recorded by the Railway Administration of the Ministry of Railways as O^B rather than O^K. It is unknown whether locomotives similar to the Kolomna Plant Type 89 were built at other plants.

<space=1em>In total, about 8,000 O-series steam locomotives of all indexes were built—this is the most mass-produced series of steam locomotives in the Russian Empire.

ID экспоната:  408

Галерея изображений:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/44/34/s144346484f2db03ae7a50e99b92d88b109d61b73d.jpg

Галерея изображений (оригинал):  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/44/34/44346484f2db03ae7a50e99b92d88b109d61b73d.jpg

Галерея изображений 2000:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/44/34/s244346484f2db03ae7a50e99b92d88b109d61b73d.jpg

Параметры (технические характеристики):  Empty weight of locomotive without tender, t 45.2–47.2 Coupling weight of locomotive without tender, t 51.2–53.2 Coupling weight of locomotive, t 112 Design speed, km/h 55 Maximum rim power, hp 600 / Tender Type Four-Axle Total Wheelbase of Locomotive with Tender, mm 14,297 Length of Locomotive with Tender over Buffers, mm 18,721 Diameter of Driving Wheels, mm 1,220 Smallest Curve Radius, m 78 Steam Pressure, kg/cm² 12 Furnace Type Crampton Grate Area, m² 1.85 Total Evaporating Heating Surface of Boiler (Water), m² 152.6 Number of Fire Tubes, pcs. 190 Smoke tube diameter (outer), mm 51 Superheater type None Heating type Coal, manual Machine type Compound (double expansion) Number of cylinders, pcs. 2 Cylinder diameter, mm 500 and 730 Piston stroke, mm 650 Spool valve diameter Flat Frame type Sheet metal, 33 mm thick Steam distribution system Walschaert, modified by the Kolomna plant Empty weight, t 23.5 Weight with full water and coal reserves, t 63.5 Water capacity, m3 23 Coal capacity, t 17 Permissible height of coal tank side extensions, mm 340 Truck type Riveted, with single spring suspension

Хронология:  <space=1em>The locomotive with factory number 3735 was built at the Kolomensky plant in 1907 as part of a batch of 10 locomotives ordered for the Vistula Railways. This was the last batch of type 89 steam locomotives. <space=1em>Before the introduction of a unified system in 1912, "normal" steam locomotives with Walschaert steam distribution on the Vistula Railway were designated by the E series. In 1914, the Railway Administration assigned this locomotive the designation O^V 5294. Probably, the Administration had incomplete data on the technical characteristics of this batch: in fact, the locomotive, having steam distribution with the modifications of the Kolomna plant, should have belonged to the O^K (it is unknown whether from 1912 or from a later time), but the number remained in the range of O^V steam locomotives. <space=1em>The locomotive was likely evacuated from the Vistula Railway during the so-called Great Retreat of 1915 during World War I. There is no information about its operation between 1915 and 1941. It is known that in 1941 it worked at the Polotsk depot of the Western Railway, and then became a trophy of the advancing German troops. In March 1943, the locomotive was captured by the Red Army during the liberation of Rzhev and, as of March 31, was registered with the Kalinin Railway as a domestic locomotive captured (recaptured) from the enemy. In January 1949, it was transferred to the Velikiye Luki Locomotive Repair Plant for shunting work, where it was used until the second half of the 1960s. <space=1em>Coupled to the locomotive is a tender built by the Kharkov Locomotive Plant. This tender was designated O 7583, after one of the locomotives with which it was used; it was likely not the first locomotive coupled to this tender after leaving the factory. Number 7583 was assigned in 1914 to a locomotive that ran on superheated steam and, therefore, belonged to the O^P series. <space=1em>In the 1970s, the locomotive was relocated to the Leningrad-Sortirovochny-Vitebsky depot, where it was used in filming. The locomotive is the property of the Central Museum of Railway Transport and was transferred to its collection in 1981 from the Leningrad-Sortirovochny-Vitebsky locomotive depot. <space=1em>At the time of its acceptance, the locomotive was located at the Leningrad-Vitebsk-Sortirovochny Locomotive Depot TC-9 of the October Railway. From 1982 to 1990, it was housed at the locomotive depot at Zelenogorsk station, and from 1990 to 2005, at the Pioneer Park storage yard at Lebyazhye station. After a brief closure of the yard from 2005 to 2008, steam locomotive O^k 5294 was transferred to the Locomotive Museum storage yard of the October Railway Museum at Shushary station, where it remained until mid-2024. <space=1em>From October to December 2024, a comprehensive restoration was carried out by the Russian Railway Museum, with the participation of a contractor. The locomotive's exterior has been restored to its original appearance in the early 1930s. Locomotive O^K 5294 is currently on display in the new building of the Russian Railway Museum.

Блоки описания:  [{"quote":"The O<sup>K<\/sup> series steam locomotives not only ensured stable freight transportation throughout the Russian Empire and the early USSR, but also laid the technical foundation for the development of freight and passenger locomotives in the 20th century.","title":"History of the development","images":[],"content":"In 1892, the term \"normal steam locomotive\" or \"normal steam locomotive\" appeared on Russian railways, meaning a standardized locomotive that met certain standards. Early normal steam locomotives, of the 1892, 1893, and 1897 types, had four driving wheel pairs (0-4-0 axle arrangement), a Joye steam distribution mechanism, and a compound engine—a type in which steam first enters the high-pressure (right) cylinder, which has a smaller diameter, and then, after working there, enters the low-pressure (left) cylinder, which has a larger diameter. It was assumed that reducing the temperature difference in the cylinders during the power stroke and, consequently, reducing heat loss during steam condensation would save fuel—this is the principle behind the compound engine. Yet, despite their many advantages, \"normal type\" steam locomotives with Joy's steam distribution demonstrated poor fuel efficiency, consuming more fuel per unit of work performed than their predecessors, which, despite a similar design, had a simple steam engine (with identical cylinders) and a more archaic steam distribution system with a rocker mechanism inside the frame.\r\n<br><br>\r\nTests of \"normal type 1897\" steam locomotives, conducted from 1898 to 1900 on the Kharkov-Mykolaiv Railway, revealed unsatisfactory steam distribution on these locomotives. Therefore, engineer Yu.V. Lomonosov proposed a project to redesign their steam distribution mechanism. However, subsequent tests of the redesigned locomotives demonstrated the inadequacy of this measure. <br><br>\r\nIn 1900, the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant built two steam locomotives (factory type 66) for the Southwestern Railways with a Walschaert steam distribution mechanism, modified by the plant to reduce stone play in the gear linkage. Their design also included other changes, including a smaller heating surface and an increased cylinder diameter, which led to a mismatch between the boiler and the engine. Although the first 0-4-0 locomotives with the Walschaert mechanism were unsuccessful, this did not apply to their steam distribution system.\r\n<br><br>\r\nThe following year, in 1901, the 23rd Consultative Congress of Traction Service Engineers developed a list of measures aimed at improving the existing steam locomotive \"normal type 1897.\" These measures included replacing Joy's steam distribution systems with Walschaert mechanisms, replacing Ramsbottom's safety valves with lever-and-spring valves, and using four-axle tenders designed by the Kharkov plant alongside three-axle tenders. That same year, the Putilov plant began producing locomotives in accordance with the congress's decisions. These locomotives became known as the \"Normal Type 1901\" locomotives.\r\n<br><br>\r\nThe \"Normal Type 1904\" locomotives differed from the \"Normal Type 1901\" locomotives in several ways, including increasing the boiler steam pressure from 11.5 to 12 kgf\/cm2. <br><br>\r\nFrom 1903 to 1907, the Kolomensky Plant built steam locomotives (factory type 89) similar to standard locomotives (factory type 88), but with a steam distribution mechanism modified similarly to that of the factory type 66.\r\n<br><br>\r\nThe changes made by the Kolomensky Plant to the steam distribution system did not directly affect the Walschaert linkage. The mechanism for driving the linkage rocker was modified. Instead of the previously used drive from the reverser transfer shaft via rods, a method using a sliding clutch was used, which was expected to reduce the rocker's play relative to the linkage during locomotive movement. <br><br>\r\nSubsequently, a similar mechanism was used only once on domestic steam locomotives, namely on the 9P series industrial tank locomotives, also developed by the Kolomensky Plant, which began mass production in 1936. Increased traffic necessitated, and strengthened tracks allowed, the use of more powerful locomotives than the \"normal\" 0-4-0 locomotives. Production of the \"normal 1905 type\" steam locomotives with a 1-4-0 axle arrangement began (in 1912, this series received the designation Щ). After this, orders for 0-4-0 steam locomotives continued, but significantly decreased. Some 0-4-0 steam locomotives from 1907 onward were equipped with superheaters during construction. Furthermore, superheaters began to be installed on previously built \"normal\" steam locomotives.\r\n<br><br>\r\nIn 1912, a unified system for designating locomotive series was established in Russia. According to it, all \"normal\" locomotives with the 0-4-0 axle arrangement were assigned the O series, from the word \"main.\" Locomotives of the \"normal types of 1901 and 1904\" with a compound engine and Walschaert's steam distribution mechanism were designated O<sup>B<\/sup>, while locomotives with Walschaert's steam distribution mechanism, modified by the Kolomna Plant, were designated O<sup>K<\/sup>. The indexes indicated the authorship of Walschaert and the Kolomna Plant. For the same reasons, locomotives with Joye's steam distribution mechanism were designated: \"normal types of 1892 and 1893\" - Od, \"normal type of 1897\" - Od. — O<sup>D<\/sup>, and those with steam distribution modified at the suggestion of Yu. V. Lomonosov — O<sup>L<\/sup>. 0-4-0 steam locomotives with superheaters received the designation O<sup>P<\/sup>.\r\n<br><br>\r\nWhen a unified series designation system was introduced, both Type 66 locomotives from the Kolomna plant received the same O<sup>K<\/sup> designation as the \"normal\" Type 89 locomotives, despite significant differences.","subtitle":"About the locomotive series"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"According to the Kolomensky Plant, 334 Type 89 steam locomotives were built. The widely circulated estimate of 265 locomotives does not take into account locomotives built for private roads, nor the fact that some locomotives with Walschaert-type steam distribution mechanisms modified by the Kolomensky Plant were mistakenly recorded by the Railway Administration of the Ministry of Railways as O<sup>B<\/sup> rather than O<sup>K<\/sup>. It is unknown whether locomotives similar to the Kolomensky Plant's Type 89 were built at other plants. As for the O series steam locomotives of all indexes, approximately 8,000 were built. This was the most widely produced series of steam locomotives in the Russian Empire.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"Steam locomotive O<sup>K<\/sup> 5294 is a valuable monument of domestic steam locomotive construction. To date, no other O<sup>K<\/sup> series steam locomotives remain in our country.","title":"Museum specimen","images":[],"content":"Steam locomotive with serial number 3735 was built at the Kolomna plant in 1907 as one of 10 locomotives ordered for the Vistula Railways. It was the last batch of Type 89 locomotives.","subtitle":"Freight locomotive O<sup>K<\/sup> 5294 with a 4-axle tender of freight locomotive O<sup>P<\/sup> 7583"},{"quote":"In the 1970s, the locomotive was relocated to the Leningrad-Sortirovochny-Vitebsky depot, where it was used for filming.","title":"","images":[],"content":"Before the introduction of a unified designation system in 1912, standard steam locomotives with Walschaert steam distribution were designated E on the Vistula Railway. In 1914, the Railway Administration assigned the locomotive the designation O<sup>B<\/sup> 5294. The Administration likely had incomplete information about the technical characteristics of this batch of locomotives. In fact, the locomotive, with its steam distribution modified by the Kolomna Plant, was designated O<sup>K<\/sup> (it is unknown whether this was from 1912 or later), but the number remained within the O<sup>B<\/sup> series.\r\n<br><br>\r\nThis locomotive was likely evacuated from the Vistula Railway in 1915, during the so-called Great Retreat. There is no information about its operation between 1915 and 1941. It is known that the locomotive operated at the Polotsk depot of the Western Railway in 1941 and was later captured by advancing German troops. In March 1943, it was captured by the Red Army during the liberation of Rzhev and, on March 31, was registered with the Kalinin Railway as a captured (recaptured) Soviet locomotive. In January 1949, the locomotive was transferred to the Velikiye Luki Locomotive Repair Plant for shunting work, where it remained in use until the second half of the 1960s.\r\n<br><br>\r\nThe locomotive is coupled to a tender built by the Kharkov Locomotive Plant. This tender bore the designation O 7583, which belonged to one of the steam locomotives with which it was operated, but it was likely not the first locomotive coupled to this tender after it left the factory. Number 7583 was assigned in 1914 to a locomotive that ran on superheated steam and, accordingly, had the O<sup>P<\/sup> series.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The locomotive is owned by the Central Museum of Railway Transport (CMZhT RF), to whose collection it was transferred in 1981 from the Leningrad-Sortirovochny-Vitebsky locomotive depot. At the time of its acquisition, it was located on the premises of the Leningrad-Vitebsky-Sortirovochny locomotive depot TC-9 of the October Railway. From 1982 to 1990, it was kept at the locomotive storage depot at Zelenogorsk station. From 1990 to 2005, it was kept at the Pioneer Park storage depot at Lebyazhye station. After its brief closure in 2005–2008, Steam locomotive O<sup>k<\/sup> 5294 was relocated to the \"Steam Locomotive Museum\" storage facility of the October Railway Museum at Shushary station, where it remained until mid-2024.\r\n<br><br>\r\nIn October and December 2024, the Russian Railway Museum, in collaboration with a contractor, carried out a comprehensive restoration of the locomotive. The locomotive's appearance was restored to that of the early 1930s.","subtitle":""}]

Характеристики (блоками):  [{"name":"The data is given for the O<sup>B<\/sup> steam locomotive, some characteristics of the O<sup>K<\/sup> steam locomotive could have slight differences.","type":"text","value":"General data","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Empty weight of a steam locomotive without tender","type":"number","value":"45.2–47.2 t","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Сцепной вес паровоза без тендера","type":"number","value":"51.2–53.2 t","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Adhesive weight of a steam locomotive","type":"number","value":"112 t","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Design speed, km\/h","type":"number","value":"55","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Maximum power at the wheel rim","type":"number","value":"600 hp","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Tender type","type":"text","value":"Four-axle","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Complete wheelbase of a steam locomotive with tender","type":"number","value":"14,297 mm","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Length of locomotive with tender by buffers","type":"number","value":"18,721 mm","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diameter of driving wheels","type":"number","value":"1,220 mm","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"The smallest radius of a passable curve","type":"number","value":"78 m","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Boiler","type":"text","value":"","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Steam pressure","type":"text","value":"12 kg\/cm²","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Firebox type","type":"text","value":"Crampton","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Grate area","type":"number","value":"1.85 m²","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Total evaporating heating surface of the boiler (water)","type":"number","value":"152.6 m²","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of smoke tubes","type":"number","value":"190 pcs.","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Smoke tube diameter (outer)","type":"number","value":"51 mm","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Superheater type","type":"number","value":"No","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Type of heating","type":"text","value":"Coal, manual","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Car and crew","type":"text","value":"","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Machine type","type":"text","value":"Compound (double expansion)","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of cylinders","type":"number","value":"2 pcs.","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Cylinder diameter","type":"text","value":"500 and 730 mm","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Piston stroke","type":"number","value":"650 mm","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diameter of valves","type":"text","value":"Flat","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Frame type","type":"text","value":"Sheet, 33 mm thick","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Steam distribution system","type":"text","value":"Walschaert, modified by the Kolomensky plant","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Tender","type":"text","value":"","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Empty weight","type":"number","value":"23.5 t","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Weight with full supply of water and coal","type":"number","value":"63.5 t","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Water supply","type":"number","value":"23 m3","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Coal reserves","type":"number","value":"17 t","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Permissible height of the sides of the coal volume","type":"number","value":"340 mm","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Type of trolleys","type":"text","value":"Riveted, with single spring suspension","is_two_colls":false}]

История (блоками):  [{"year":"1892","content":"The beginning of the construction of normal steam locomotives with<br>an 0-4-0 axle arrangement, a compound engine and a Joye linkage mechanism."},{"year":"1900","content":"The Kolomna plant is the first to use (on the plant's type 66 steam locomotives) a Walschaert linkage mechanism with a linkage drive of its own design."},{"year":"1901","content":"The transition in the construction of normal steam locomotives from the Joye linkage to the Walschaert linkage."},{"year":"1903","content":"The beginning of the construction of normal steam locomotives with the Walschaert linkage mechanism, modified by the Kolomna plant (type 89 of the Kolomna plant, future steam locomotives O<sup>K<\/sup>)"},{"year":"1907","content":"Construction of the last batch of factory type 89 steam locomotives at the Kolomensky plant (future steam locomotives O<sup>K<\/sup>) for the Vistula Railways, including the surviving one (factory no. 3735); cessation of construction of steam locomotives of this type."},{"year":"1912","content":"Assignment of  the O series designation to normal steam locomotives with the Walschaert linkage mechanism modified by the Kolomna Plant (Kolomensky Plant type 89)."},{"year":"March 1943","content":"Steam locomotive O<sup>K<\/sup> 5294 became a trophy of the Red Army units that liberated Rzhev and was transferred to the Kalinin Railway."},{"year":"January 1949","content":"Steam locomotive O<sup>K<\/sup> 5294 was transferred to the Velikiye Luki locomotive and carriage repair plant for shunting work."},{"year":"1957","content":"The construction of the last steam locomotive (9P series) at the Murom plant, equipped with a Walschaert linkage mechanism with a linkage drive designed by thevKolomensky plant."},{"year":"1981","content":"Steam locomotive O<sup>K<\/sup> 5294 was transferred from the Leningrad-Sortirovochny-Vitebsky locomotive depot to the collection of the Central Museum of Railway Transport."},{"year":"2025","content":"Placement of the steam locomotive O<sup>K<\/sup> 5294 on display at the Russian Railway Museum."}]

Модель (деталка):  О^к 5294

Заголовок (деталка):  Freight Steam Locomotive

Подвал описания:  Currently, the steam locomotive O^k 5294 is located in the new building of the Russian Railway Museum.

Заголовок истории:  Chronology

Mnemonic code:  408

Code in external DB source:  18582

Name:  O^K 5294