Exhibits

Steam locomotives

ER 791-81

<space=1em>Problems of War

<space=1em>During the Great Patriotic War, the locomotive industry of the Soviet Union's railways suffered great damage. Some locomotives were destroyed during military operations, some were cut up into scrap metal by the occupiers, and an even greater number of locomotives were seriously damaged and were subject to exclusion from the railway inventory. In addition, many locomotives needed serious repairs, which, given the destroyed locomotive repair plants in the western part of the USSR, was also a big problem.

<space=1em>The main Soviet locomotive-building plants ended up in occupied territory and, after liberation, needed lengthy restoration to reach pre-war locomotive-building capacity. The factories located in the east of the country and the Kolomna Locomotive Works delivered less than 100 new steam locomotives to the USSR railways in the period 1942–1945.

<space=1em>Imported Machines

<space=1em>A major boost to the USSR locomotive industry was the delivery of about 2,200 ShA, EA and EM steam locomotives from the USA during the war and the first post-war years, and the arrival of captured and reparations-received German 52 series steam locomotives (since 1951 — TE series). However, even these machines were not enough to satisfy the railways' demand for new locomotives.

<space=1em>As a result, it was decided to order new locomotives in Romania, Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia. The E series locomotives, simple and light machines of medium power, had proven themselves well in the conditions of military operations. Considering this, as well as the weakened track facilities, the choice fell on the ER variant, developed in 1943 at the Kolomna Plant. The ER 750 02 and 03 locomotives were built according to these drawings.

<space=1em>The new locomotives were to be built both as compensation for the damage inflicted on the USSR by Germany's former allies, and under trade agreements. Some of the locomotives were delivered as reparations.

<space=1em>From socialist countries

<space=1em>The first steam locomotive ЭР760 01 was built in Romania in 1946. Since 1947 the Hungarian MAVAG began construction, and since 1949 — factories in Czechoslovakia and Poland. In total, from 1946 to 1957 2,920 steam locomotives of the ER series were built for the USSR at the factories of these countries, of which 316 were in Romania, 1,345 in Hungary (another five were built for operation on the Hungarian railway section with a gauge of 1,524 mm), 360 in Czechoslovakia and 899 in Poland.

<space=1em>Initially, the imported ER steam locomotives did not differ in their characteristics from the Kolomna ER models of 1943. Since 1949 the Czech and Polish, and since 1951 both the Romanian and Hungarian, received a more powerful 40-pipe superheater, which led to an improvement in their efficiency and traction characteristics. During the tests of the ER792 09 built in 1955 on the experimental ring at the Shcherbinka station in 1957, it was revealed that, compared to the EM716 55 built in 1931 tested there in 1941, the maximum power increased from 1,450 to 1,670 hp and the efficiency from 6.9 to 7.4%.

<space=1em>After construction, the ER steam locomotives were sent from the manufacturing plants on special 1,435 mm gauge transport ramps to Soviet border stations, where 1,524 mm gauge wheel pairs were rolled under them. After testing on the wide gauge, they were sent to their home roads.

<space=1em>In operation

<space=1em>When arriving from the factories on the USSR railways, many new ER locomotives were not put into operation, but were sent to cold locomotive reserve bases, where they were kept in reserve by the Ministry of Railways, kept in case of military action. There they were tested and re-preserved every few years and were directly at the disposal of the Ministry of Railways. Post-war ER steam locomotives were delivered to almost all the railways of the USSR from the Baltics to the Far East. Later, the vast majority of them ended up in the registry of the railways of the European part of the country.

<space=1em>At enterprises

<space=1em>In addition to public railways, some of the new ER steam locomotives of foreign construction were delivered to the sidings of large industrial enterprises. First of all, these were Hungarian-built ones from the end of 1955 to the middle of 1956 and Polish-built ones from the end of 1955 to 1957. Also, a small number of Romanian steam locomotives built in 1948–1949 probably went to the industrial tracks. Lock

ER locomotives worked in the coal mining industry, at ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises.

<space=1em>Some of these locomotives after working at industrial enterprises were transferred to the tracks of the railways of the Ministry of Railways. In turn, starting in the 1960s, post-war ER were transferred from the tracks of the Ministry of Railways to the tracks of industrial enterprises, but the number of transferred locomotives was small, since the Ministry of Railways preferred to keep these relatively new machines in its fleet.

<space=1em>The Last Locomotives

<space=1em>The post-war ER locomotives were destined to end the era of steam traction on the railways of the USSR. By 1970 the role of steam locomotives in the overall volume of railway transportation was already practically unnoticeable, they carried about 3.5% of freight turnover. The number of sections served by steam traction decreased every year. By the end of the 1970s diesel and electric locomotives were already in operation on all more or less significant lines.

<space=1em>By 1980 on the entire railway network the length of lines served by steam locomotives was about 800 km. Many of these sections were serviced by post-war ER steam locomotives: Okulovka - Nebolchi, Budogoshch - Tikhvin, Khvoynaya - Budogoshch and some others. Gradually, steam locomotives were replaced by diesel locomotives on these sections as well. The last section in the USSR where steam locomotives were used in train service was Yanisyarvi - Pitkyaranta - Olonets of the October Railway. Post-war ER locomotives were used there until the spring of 1986.

<space=1em>For another 10–15 years ER steam locomotives served in utility and auxiliary work: they washed carriages, provided steam as mobile boiler houses, and sometimes performed shunting work. The work of the ER at industrial enterprises ended mainly by the mid-1980s.

<space=1em>Currently, post-war ER series steam locomotives are present in almost all railway museums in the post-Soviet space, several dozen of them are installed on pedestals. A small number are in working condition and are used to pull retro trains and participate in various festive events.

<space=1em>Museum exhibit

<space=1em>The steam locomotive ЭР791 81 was built in 1955 at the Stalin Plant in Poznan (People's Republic of Poland). The tender was built by the Pafawag Plant in Wroclaw. The factory number of the locomotive is 2216.

<space=1em>After construction, in August 1955 the locomotive was sent to the October Railway. Later it worked on the Belarusian and October Railways in the Leningrad-Finlyandsky, Zhlobin and Sonkovo depots. It was in operation until 1966 During its operation, the total mileage was 823,002 km. After its operation ended, the locomotive was stored at the Gatchina reserve base.

<space=1em>In 2012 by order of JSC Russian Railways, the locomotive was transferred to the Central Museum of the October Railway for storage in the museum's collection.

<space=1em>Cutaway model

<space=1em>At the initiative of the Senior Vice President of JSC Russian Railways V.A. Gapanovich, a decision was made to make a cutaway model based on one of the ER series steam locomotives built after the war for demonstration at exhibitions held by JSC Russian Railways. The ER791 81 steam locomotive was selected for this purpose.

<space=1em>The cutaway model of the locomotive was made in June–August 2012 by the Experimental Plant of the October Railway and OOO ARS-M. It took part in exhibitions dedicated to the 175th anniversary of Russian Railways in September 2012 and the 180th anniversary of the first Russian steam locomotive in August 2014. Both events took place on the experimental loop of VNIIZhT at the Shcherbinka station of the Moscow Railway. The model was highly praised by the management of JSC Russian Railways and technical specialists. It was also a great success among ordinary visitors to the exhibitions.

ID экспоната: 43

Аудио: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/b4/64/b46412367667ac56ee21f34d57781ab532ff4893.ogg

Галерея изображений: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/7c/02/s17c0273edc8bed034108a4b898526e9fccdc3dfe7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c5/46/s1c546f3b54063178ada896ca8861067d1b956ea44.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/63/64/s16364d1647cb141d6564397ce5671230b5eb21d2e.jpg

Галерея изображений (оригинал): http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/7c/02/7c0273edc8bed034108a4b898526e9fccdc3dfe7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c5/46/c546f3b54063178ada896ca8861067d1b956ea44.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/63/64/6364d1647cb141d6564397ce5671230b5eb21d2e.jpg

Галерея изображений 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/7c/02/s27c0273edc8bed034108a4b898526e9fccdc3dfe7.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c5/46/s2c546f3b54063178ada896ca8861067d1b956ea44.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/63/64/s26364d1647cb141d6564397ce5671230b5eb21d2e.jpg

Параметры (технические характеристики): Steam locomotive empty weight, t 75 Steam engine coupled weight, t 85,8 / Tender type 4-axles Full locomotive wheelbase with tender, mm 17 226 Locomotive length with tender at buffers, mm 21 943 Driving wheel diameter, mm 1 320 Min. curve radius, m 63 Steam Pressure, kg/cm² 14 Firebox type Belper Grid bar area, m² 5,09 Full boiler evaporating heating surface(water), m² 183,07 Superheater tube heating surface (gas), m² 71,97 Smoke tubes, pcs. 109 Smoke tube diameter (outer), mm 51 Fire tubes, pcs. 40 Fire tube diameter (outer), mm 133 Steam superheater type Double ﬂange Superheater tube diameter (outer), mm 35 Heating type Coal, manual Cylinders, pcs. 2 Cylinder diameter, mm 650 Piston stroke, mm 700 Valve diameter, mm 250 Frame type Sheet, thickness 32 mm Empty weight, t 35 Weight at full stock of water and coal, t 82 Water stock, m³ 27 Coal stock, t 20 Trolley type Riveted with double bow spring suspension Locomotive operating weight, t tenderless - 85,8; with tender - 150 Design speed, km/h 65 Max power at wheel tread, hp 1 500 Axial formula 0-5-0

План: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/51/5b/515b449e6f4c7b4e798fc7a3dbd84ed648667c74.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/be/4c/be4ce2a4d479cc685a9a80a50c7aef079a0c9369.jpg

План 1000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/51/5b/s1515b449e6f4c7b4e798fc7a3dbd84ed648667c74.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/be/4c/s1be4ce2a4d479cc685a9a80a50c7aef079a0c9369.jpg

План 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/51/5b/s2515b449e6f4c7b4e798fc7a3dbd84ed648667c74.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/be/4c/s2be4ce2a4d479cc685a9a80a50c7aef079a0c9369.jpg

Хронология: During the Great Patriotic War, the steam locomotive economy of the railways of the Soviet Union suffered great damage. Some of the locomotives were destroyed during the hostilities, some were cut into scrap by the invaders, an even larger number of machines were seriously damaged and were subject to exclusion from the inventory hauling equipment of the railways. In addition, many locomotives needed serious repairs, which, taking into account the destroyed locomotive repair plants in the western part of the USSR, was also a big problem. The main Soviet steam locomotive plants ended up in the occupied territory and after the liberation they needed a long restoration in order to reach their pre-war capacities. The factories located in the east of the country and the Kolomna steam-locomotive-building works in the period 1942-1945 supplied less than 100 new steam locomotives to the railways of the USSR. The supply of steam locomotives of the SHA, Ea and Em series from the USA (about 2 200 units) during the war and the first post-war years and the arrival on the railways of captured (and repaired) German steam locomotives of the 52 series (since 1951, the TE series) became a serious help for locomotive economy of the USSR. However, these machines were not enough to meet the needs of the railways for new locomotives. As a result, it was decided to order new steam locomotives in Romania, Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia. Taking into account the weakened track facilities, as well as the experience of the recent war, when in the conditions of hostilities, steam locomotives of the E series - simple and light machines of medium power - have proven themselves well, therefore the choice fell on the last modernized version of a locomotive of this type - Er (E reconstructed). In the summer of 1933, at the suggestion of the engineer I.V. Pirin, who worked at the Research Institute for Locomotive Reconstruction, a detailed project was developed for the reconstruction of a steam locomotive of the Em series. The offer was simple and cheap. It was proposed to increase the locomotive firebox by lengthening it by 539 mm and, accordingly, lengthen the locomotive frame by 450 mm. It also made it possible to provide additional load on the rear axle of the locomotive, since the reduced weight on the rear of the locomotive led to its skidding. In the period from 1934 to 1936, 305 steam locomotives of this type were built at the Lugansk and Bryansk plants, which received the designation Er - reconstructed. In 1943-1944, steam locomotives Er750-01 and Er750-22 (factory type P28) were built at the Kolomna plant, boilers from unfinished steam locomotives of the Su series were used for them. They can be easily identified by the longer protrusion of the boiler forward beyond the inter-cylinder support of the boiler. A locomotive of this type is also on display in the museum. New locomotives were to be produced both as compensation for the damage caused to the USSR by Germany's former allies (as reparations) and under trade agreements. The first steam locomotive - Er760-01 - was built in Romania (Malax, Bucharest and Sovrommetal, Resita) in 1946. Since 1947, the Hungarian plant "MAVAG" began construction of this locomotives, and since 1949 - the plants in Czechoslovakia (CKD in Prague, Skoda in Plzen, the tender - K. Gottwald plant in Brno) and Poland (Tsigelsky plant in Poznan, the tender - Paphavag plant in Wroclaw). In total, enterprises of these countries built 2 716 steam locomotives of the ER series for the USSR from 1946 to 1957. Of these in: Romania - 316, Hungary - 1299 (5 more steam locomotives were built and left for work on the section of the Hungarian railways which had a track gauge of 1524 mm), Czechoslovakia - 360, Poland - 741 locomotives.

Блоки описания: [{"quote":"During the war, the main Soviet steam locomotive plants were located in occupied territory. Plants in the east produced fewer than 100 new steam locomotives in that time.","title":"","images":[],"content":"During the Great Patriotic War, the steam locomotive units of the USSR’s railways suffered great damage. Some steam locomotives were destroyed in military action, some were broken down for scrap metal by the occupying forces, and even more were severely damaged and had to be struck from the railway fleet inventory. Additionally, many steam locomotives were in need of serious repair work, which the destroyed steam locomotive repair plants in the western part of the USSR made particularly difficult.","subtitle":"The Problems of War"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The main Soviet steam locomotive plants were located in occupied territory, and after the liberation, a long repair and recovery period was required to return them to pre-war capacity for locomotive production. From 1942 to 1945, the plants located in the east of the country and the Kolomna Locomotive Works produced fewer than 100 new steam locomotives for the railways of the USSR.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"The ER<\/sup> variant developed in 1943 at the Kolomna Locomotive Works was commissioned in Romania, Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia (now Czechia).","title":"Imported Machines","images":[],"content":"Delivery during the war and in the immediate post-war years of approximately 2,200 ShА<\/sup>, EА<\/sup> and EM<\/sup> steam locomotives from the USA and the arrival of Class 52 steam locomotives (renamed in 1951 to class TE) both captured and as German reparations were a great boost to the USSR’s steam locomotive operations. However, even these machines remain insufficient to meet the railway’s need for new locomotives.","subtitle":"As Reparations"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"As a result, the decision was made to commission new steam locomotives in Romania, Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia (now Czechia). The class E steam locomotives — simple and lightweight vehicles of medium power — proved themselves in military operations. With this taken into account, along with the weakened condition of the track, the ER<\/sup> variant, developed in 1943 at the Kolomna Locomotive Works, was selected. Steam locomotives ER<\/sup>750 02 and 03 were built to these drawings.\r\n\r\nThe new steam locomotives were to be built both as compensation for the damage caused to the USSR by Germany’s former allies, and as part of trade agreements. Some steam locomotives were delivered as reparations.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The first ER<\/sup>760 01 steam locomotive was manufactured in Romania in 1946. Production began at MÁVAG in Hungary from 1947, and at plants in Czechoslovakia and Poland from 1949. In total, the plants in these countries produced 2,920 class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives for the USSR from 1946 to 1957. Of these, 316 were manufactured in Romania, 1,345 in Hungary (five more were built with a 1,524-mm gauge to operate on a section of the Hungarian railways), 360 in Czechoslovakia, and 899 in Poland.\r\n\r\nInitially, the imported class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives were no different to the ER<\/sup> class produced in Kolomna in 1943. From 1949, for the Czech and Polish imports, and from 1951 for the Romanian and Hungarian, the imported ER<\/sup> class had a more powerful 40-pipe steam superheater, which improved efficiency and traction. When tests were performed in 1957 on the 1955 ER<\/sup>792 09 at the Shcherbinka Station test loop, compared to the 1931 EM<\/sup>716 55 tested in 1941, the ER<\/sup>792 09 had a maximum power of 1,670 hp compared to 1,450 hp, and its efficiency was 7.4 % compared to 6.9 %.\r\n\r\nAfter construction, the ER<\/sup> steam locomotives were sent from the manufacturers on special 1,435-gauge transport wheelskates to Soviet border stations, where the 1,524-mm gauge wheelsets were rolled under them. After testing on the wide gauge, they were sent on to their destinations.","subtitle":"From Socialist Countries"},{"quote":"Many new ER<\/sup> locomotives were not put into operation when they left the factories, but were sent to storage bases in case of war.","title":"In Operation","images":[],"content":"Upon arrival from the plants on the USSR’s rail network, many new class ER<\/sup> locomotives were not put into operation. Instead, they were sent to cold steam locomotive storage bases, where they were kept in storage by the Ministry of Railways in case of military action. They were put through routine tests and re-conservation every few years and remained directly at the disposal of the Ministry of Railways. Post-war ER<\/sup> steam locomotives were supplied to almost all USSR railways from the Baltic states to the Far East. Later on, the majority of them were assigned to the railways of the European part of the country.","subtitle":"Storage Bases"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"In addition to the railways for public use, some of the new foreign-built class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives were delivered to the works railways of large industrial enterprises. Most of these were late-1955–mid 1956 Hungarian-made and late 1955–1957 Polish locomotives. A few Romanian steam locomotives built in 1948–1949 likely also ended up on industrial railways. Class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives were put into operation in the coal-mining industry and in iron and non-ferrous metal extraction enterprises.\r\n\r\nAfter use in industrial enterprises, some of these steam locomotives were transferred to the Ministry of Railways’ rail network. In turn, from the 1960s, post-war class ER<\/sup> locomotives were transferred from the Ministry of Railways to industrial enterprises; however, the number transferred was small and the Ministry of Railways preferred to keep these relatively new vehicles in their fleet.","subtitle":"At Enterprises"},{"quote":"By 1970, steam locomotives handled an almost negligible volume of the total railway traffic, transporting approximately 3.5 % of freight turnover.","title":"Retirement","images":[],"content":"The post-war class ER<\/sup> locomotives were destined to close out the era of steam traction on the USSR’s railways. By 1970, steam locomotives handled an almost negligible volume of the total railway traffic, transporting approximately 3.5 % of freight turnover. The number of sections served by steam traction dwindled each year. By the end of the 1970s, diesel and electric locomotives were already in operation on all significant lines.","subtitle":"The Last Steam Locomotives"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"By 1980, the length of line served by steam locomotives across the entire rail network was approximately 800 km. Many of these sections were served by post-war class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives: Okulovka-Nebolchi, Budogoshch-Tikhvin, Khvoynaya-Budogoshch, and others. Gradually, steam locomotives were replaced by diesel locomotives on these sections as well. The last section of the USSR where steam locomotives were used for train operations was Yanisyarvi-Pitkaryanta-Olonets on the Oktyabrskaya Railway. Post-war class ER<\/sup> locomotives were in operation there until spring 1986.\r\n\r\nClass ER<\/sup> steam locomotives were still used for general service and support work for the following 10–15 years: washing cars, supplying steam as mobile boilers, and sometimes performing shunting operations. Use of ER<\/sup> locomotives in industrial enterprises was mostly concluded by the mid-1980s.\r\n\r\nToday, post-war ER<\/sup> steam locomotives can be found in almost every railway museum in all states of the former Soviet Union, and several dozen have been mounted on plinths. A few of them are in operational condition and are used to drive historical trains and participate in various festive events.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"Museum Exhibit","images":[],"content":"Steam locomotive ER<\/sup>791 81 was built in 1955 at the Joseph Stalin Metal Works in Poznań (Polish People’s Republic, now H. Cegielski-Poznań S.A.). The tender was built at the Pafawag plant in Wrocław. The steam locomotive’s serial number is 2216.\r\n\r\nAfter construction, the steam locomotive was delivered to the Oktyabrskaya Railway in August 1955. Later, it was in operation on the Belarusian and Oktyabrskaya Railways at the Leningrad-Finlyandsky, Zhlobin and Sonkovo Depots. It remained in operation until 1966. Its total mileage came to 823,002 km. After the end of operation, the steam locomotive was store at the Gatchina Storage Base.\r\n\r\nIn 2012, by order of Russian Railways, the steam locomotive was transferred to the Central Museum of the Oktyabrskaya Railway for storage in the museum’s archive.","subtitle":"ER<\/sup>791 81"},{"quote":"Steam locomotive ER<\/sup>791 81 was transformed into a sectional model for display in exhibitions.","title":"","images":[],"content":"On the initiative of senior vice-president of Russian Railways V.A. Gapanovich, it was decided to create a sectional model of one of the post-war class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives for display at exhibitions put on by Russian Railways. Steam locomotive ER<\/sup>791 81 was selected for this purpose.","subtitle":"Sectional Model"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The sectional model was produced in June–August 2012 by the Experimental Plant of the Oktyabrskaya Railway and ARS-M LLC. It formed part of exhibitions commemoration 175 years of Russian Railways in September 2012 and 180 years of the first Russian steam locomotive in August 2014. Both events were held at the Railway Research Institute test loop at the Shcherbinka Station on the Moscow Railway.","subtitle":""}]

Характеристики (блоками): [{"name":"Factory","type":"text","value":"Stalin Plant in Poznan (Poland)","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Factory number of the locomotive","type":"number","value":"2216","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Year","type":"number","value":"1955","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Weight of the locomotive in working condition without tender, t","type":"number","value":"85.8","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Weight of the locomotive in working condition with tender, t","type":"number","value":"150","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Design speed, km\/h","type":"number","value":"65","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Maximum power at the wheel rim, hp","type":"number","value":"1,500","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Axial formula","type":"number","value":"0–5–0","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"General data","type":"text","value":"","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Empty weight of a steam locomotive, t","type":"number","value":"75","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Adhesive weight of a steam locomotive, t","type":"number","value":"85.8","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Tender type","type":"text","value":"Four-axle","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Complete wheelbase of a steam locomotive with tender, mm","type":"number","value":"17 226","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Length of locomotive with tender by buffers, mm","type":"number","value":"21,943","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diameter of driving wheels, mm","type":"number","value":"1,320","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Minimum radius of a passable curve, m","type":"number","value":"63","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Boiler","type":"text","value":"","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Steam pressure, kg\/cm2<\/sup>","type":"number","value":"14","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Firebox type","type":"text","value":"Belpera","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Grate area, m2<\/sup>","type":"number","value":"5.09","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Total evaporating heating surface of the boiler (water), m2<\/sup>","type":"number","value":"183.07","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Heating surface of superheater pipes (gas), m2<\/sup>","type":"number","value":"71.97","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of smoke tubes, pcs.","type":"number","value":"109","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Smoke tube diameter (outer), mm","type":"number","value":"51","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of fire tubes, pcs.","type":"number","value":"40","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diameter of fire tubes (outer), mm","type":"number","value":"133","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Superheater type","type":"text","value":"Double-turn","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Superheater tube diameter (outer), mm","type":"number","value":"35","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Type of heating","type":"text","value":"Coal, manual","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Car and crew","type":"text","value":"","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of cylinders, pcs.","type":"number","value":"2","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Cylinder diameter, mm","type":"number","value":"650","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Piston stroke, mm","type":"number","value":"700","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diameter of valves, mm","type":"number","value":"250","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Frame type","type":"text","value":"Sheet","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Frame thickness, mm","type":"number","value":"32","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Steam distribution system, t","type":"text","value":"Walschaer","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Tender","type":"text","value":"","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Empty weight, t","type":"number","value":"35","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Weight with full supply of water and coal, t","type":"number","value":"82","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Water supply, m3<\/sup>","type":"number","value":"27","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Coal stock, t","type":"number","value":"20","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Type of trolleys","type":"text","value":"Riveted","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Suspension","type":"text","value":"Double spring","is_two_colls":false}]

История (блоками): [{"year":"1943","content":"The Kolomna Locomotive Works develops a design for class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives — simple and lightweight vehicles of medium power."},{"year":"1946","content":"The first ER<\/sup>760 01 steam locomotive is built in Romania."},{"year":"1946–1957","content":"2,920 class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives are produced for the USSR."},{"year":"1947","content":"Production of class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives begins at a plant in Hungary."},{"year":"1949","content":"Production of class ER<\/sup> steam locomotives begins at plants in Czechoslovakia and Poland."},{"year":"1955","content":"Steam locomotive ER<\/sup>791 81 is produced at the Joseph Stalin Metal Works in Poznań (Poland)."},{"year":"August 1955","content":"Freight steam locomotive ER<\/sup>791 81 arrives on the Oktyabrskaya Railway."},{"year":"1970s","content":"Steam locomotives handle an almost negligible volume of the total railway traffic, transporting approximately 3.5 % of freight turnover."},{"year":"Late 1970s","content":"Diesel and electric locomotives are already in operation on all significant lines."},{"year":"Early 1980s","content":"The length of line served by steam locomotives across the entire rail network is approximately 800 km."},{"year":"Mid-1980s","content":"Use of class ER<\/sup> locomotives in industrial enterprises is mostly concluded."},{"year":"2012","content":"By order of Russian Railways, steam locomotive ER<\/sup>791 81 is transferred to the Central Museum of the Oktyabrskaya Railway for storage in the museum’s archive."},{"year":"June–August 2012","content":"The sectional model of steam locomotive ER<\/sup>791 81 is produced by the Experimental Plant of the Oktyabrskaya Railway and ARS-M LLC."}]

Чертежи (блоками): [{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/51\/5b\/s2515b449e6f4c7b4e798fc7a3dbd84ed648667c74.jpg","title":"General view of the ER<\/sup> series steam locomotive built in 1947-1957 by foreign factories for the USSR"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/be\/4c\/s2be4ce2a4d479cc685a9a80a50c7aef079a0c9369.jpg","title":"Поперечный разрез паровоза серии ЭР<\/sup>"}]

Модель (деталка): ER791 81

Заголовок (деталка): Freight locomotive

Подвал описания: The model was very well received by the Russian Railways board and specialist technicians. It was also a constant hit among the general public visiting the exhibitions.

Заголовок истории: Chronology

Mnemonic code: 43

Code in external DB source: 443

Name: ER 791-81

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Russian Railways Museum

Exhibits

Steam locomotives

E<sup>R</sup> 791-81