Exhibits

Installations

Turnout drive

<space=1em>Origins

<space=1em>The turnout appeared at the same time as the railways in the 19th century. It is mentioned in the estimate for the Tsarskoye Selo Mainline — the first in Russia. This road connected St. Petersburg with Pavlovsk.

<space=1em>The switchmen were responsible for switching the switches. The direction in which the train would go depended on them, and therefore the schedule and safety of both passengers and people. With the development of technology, the need for these specialists disappeared.

<space=1em>Drive on the tracks

<space=1em>The turnout consists of a switch with a switch blade, a frog and counter rails, connecting tracks and a set of beams to ensure the stability of the entire structure.

<space=1em>The main movable element is a switch with switches. The first one is pressed against the rail on its side. The second one — is moved away from its side. When switching the switch, the one that is moved away from the rail on its side is pressed against it, and the fixed one — is moved away from the one it was pressed against. This is how a branch is formed.

<space=1em>Safe turn

<space=1em>There are several types of switch drives. Single ones are installed at the branch of one track into two. Double ones divide one track into three. Cross — at railway intersections, and resetting ones are needed to stop an uncontrolled train.
Machine at the tracks

<space=1em>A switching machine is located next to the track branch. On heavily loaded tracks, it is activated automatically. On dead-end, low-traffic and shunting roads — manually.

<space=1em>The machine consists of a frame, a rocker, a transfer lever, a counterweight and its lever. The mechanism is set in motion using a hand lever. It is important to simultaneously lift and turn the lever with the counterweight. Such systems are equipped with control or padlocks to prevent intruders.

<space=1em>Types of track

<space=1em>In a regular single switch, one of the two tracks remains straight after switching. In a symmetrical single switch, both tracks diverge from each other at the same angle. In an asymmetrical switch, on the contrary, at different angles.

<space=1em>In a double symmetrical switch, two side branches diverge from the central straight track at the same radii. In an asymmetrical switch — in different directions and at different angles.

<space=1em>A single crossing switch regulates crossing under one or two tracks without turns. A double switch is intended for travel in any of the four directions.

<space=1em>Typical breakdowns

<space=1em>Experts identify several types of the most common types of switch breakdowns: disconnected switches, a lagging switch, crumbled rails, different heights of rails and switches, unacceptable distance between rails, as well as fractures, potholes and broken bolts.

<space=1em>Systematization

<space=1em>In Russia, switch points are systematized by brand, that is, the type of frog. The frog is located at the intersection of the rail threads, forming the letter "X". Inside it is a triangle called the core. The ratio of its width and length is written as a fraction, which is the grade of the crossing. The grade is determined by the speed limit at the switch and the purpose of the railway.

ID экспоната: 61

Галерея изображений: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/54/25/s154253d03c9b25f2a5520b3cad05e0be473dc4a11.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/fc/c8/s1fcc886d4badc83851a3646a4d073faded1564dba.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/05/38/s1053872009a11e80f66a7d8cd1f3fce70eeb50064.jpg

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Галерея изображений 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/54/25/s254253d03c9b25f2a5520b3cad05e0be473dc4a11.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/fc/c8/s2fcc886d4badc83851a3646a4d073faded1564dba.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/05/38/s2053872009a11e80f66a7d8cd1f3fce70eeb50064.jpg

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План 1000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/44/a5/s144a5525cd1429ca6119fe24ad7e6ebc8dbae098c.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/08/cf/s108cf8af75436e886b9f5530600256b7e4df0dff6.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/99/6a/s1996a3cfe2bbda706740d47aaf51c23af96319280.jpg

План 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/44/a5/s244a5525cd1429ca6119fe24ad7e6ebc8dbae098c.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/08/cf/s208cf8af75436e886b9f5530600256b7e4df0dff6.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/99/6a/s2996a3cfe2bbda706740d47aaf51c23af96319280.jpg

Хронология: <space=1em>Turns out appeared together with the idea of the railway itself, so their origins can be sought in the depths of the 19th century. <space=1em>If the turnout is pointing to a straight track, then the lantern (the arrow-indicator parallel to the straight track) faces along the track with its narrow part, in which a rectangular white glass is installed. This signal is seen by the driver from any direction when approaching the turnout. <space=1em>If the turnout is pointing to a side branch, the lantern faces with its wide part, in the center of which a round yellow glass is installed. In this position, the arrow shows which way the branch is directed. <space=1em>Unlit turnouts are installed on switching mechanisms only on secondary tracks and more often where shunting takes place. <space=1em>The lanterns are now illuminated by an electric bulb, and earlier - by a kerosene lamp or a candle. The design of the lantern with a smoke exhaust deflector on the top cover has migrated to us from pre-war times. <space=1em>Signal lights and arrows have always been used, but sometimes they were quite exotic. Thus, the Bender system indicator combined a light and an arrow. The most paradoxical thing was that it was installed on a stand 1 fathom high, or 2.13 m.

Блоки описания: [{"quote":"","title":"Design origins","images":[],"content":"The turnout appeared at the same time as the railways in the 19th century. It is mentioned in the estimate for the Tsarskoye Selo Mainline — the first in Russia. This road connected St. Petersburg with Pavlovsk.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe switchmen were responsible for switching the switches. The direction in which the train would go depended on them, and therefore the schedule and safety of both passengers and people. With the development of technology, the need for these specialists disappeared.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The turnout consists of a switch with a switch blade, a frog and counter rails, connecting tracks and a set of beams to ensure the stability of the entire structure.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe main movable element is a switch with switches. The first one is pressed against the rail on its side. The second one — is moved away from its side. When switching the switch, the one that is moved away from the rail on its side is pressed against it, and the fixed one — is moved away from the one it was pressed against. This is how a branch is formed.","subtitle":"Turnout drive"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"There are several types of switch drives. Single ones are installed at the branch of one track into two. Double ones divide one track into three. Cross — at railway intersections, and resetting ones are needed to stop an uncontrolled train.","subtitle":"Safe turn"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"A switching machine is located next to the track branch. On heavily loaded tracks, it is activated automatically. On dead-end, low-traffic and shunting roads — manually.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe machine consists of a frame, a rocker, a transfer lever, a counterweight and its lever. The mechanism is set in motion using a hand lever. It is important to simultaneously lift and turn the lever with the counterweight. Such systems are equipped with control or padlocks to prevent intruders.","subtitle":"Machine at the tracks"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"In a regular single switch, one of the two tracks remains straight after switching. In a symmetrical single switch, both tracks diverge from each other at the same angle. In an asymmetrical switch, on the contrary, at different angles.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn a double symmetrical switch, two side branches diverge from the central straight track at the same radii. In an asymmetrical switch — in different directions and at different angles.\r\n\r\n\r\nA single crossing switch regulates crossing under one or two tracks without turns. A double switch is intended for travel in any of the four directions.","subtitle":"Types of track"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"Experts identify several types of the most common types of switch breakdowns: disconnected switches, a lagging switch, crumbled rails, different heights of rails and switches, unacceptable distance between rails, as well as fractures, potholes and broken bolts.","subtitle":"Typical breakdowns"},{"quote":"","title":"Design classification","images":[],"content":"In Russia, switch points are systematized by brand, that is, the type of frog. The frog is located at the intersection of the rail threads, forming the letter \"X\". Inside it is a triangle called the core. The ratio of its width and length is written as a fraction, which is the grade of the crossing. The grade is determined by the speed limit at the switch and the purpose of the railway.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"If the turnout is pointing to a straight track, then the lantern (the arrow-indicator parallel to the straight track) faces along the track with its narrow part, in which a rectangular white glass is installed. This signal is seen by the driver from any direction when approaching the turnout.\r\n\r\nIf the turnout is pointing to a side branch, the lantern faces with its wide part, in the center of which a round yellow glass is installed. In this position, the arrow shows which way the branch is directed.\r\n\r\nUnlit turnouts are installed on switching mechanisms only on secondary tracks and more often where shunting takes place.\r\n\r\nThe lanterns are now illuminated by an electric bulb, and earlier - by a kerosene lamp or a candle. The design of the lantern with a smoke exhaust deflector on the top cover has migrated to us from pre-war times.\r\n\r\nSignal lights and arrows have always been used, but sometimes they were quite exotic. Thus, the Bender system indicator combined a light and an arrow. The most paradoxical thing was that it was installed on a stand 1 fathom high, or 2.13 m.","subtitle":"Historical context"}]

История (блоками): [{"year":"19th century","content":"Turns out appeared together with the idea of the railway itself, so their origins can be sought in the depths of the 19th century."}]

Чертежи (блоками): [{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/44\/a5\/s244a5525cd1429ca6119fe24ad7e6ebc8dbae098c.jpg","title":""},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/08\/cf\/s208cf8af75436e886b9f5530600256b7e4df0dff6.jpg","title":""},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/99\/6a\/s2996a3cfe2bbda706740d47aaf51c23af96319280.jpg","title":""}]

Модель (деталка): Turnout drive

Заголовок (деталка): Turnout drive

Заголовок истории: Chronology

Mnemonic code: 61

Code in external DB source: 390

Name: Turnout drive

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