Exhibits

Diesel locomotives

D^A-20-09

<space=1em><b>US Aid</b>

<space=1em>Despite the creation of several different designs of diesel locomotives in the pre-war USSR, the introduction of diesel traction on domestic railways at that time never actually left the experimental stage.

<space=1em>After the start of the Great Patriotic War, when the advantages of diesel traction became much more obvious, when Soviet specialists placed large orders in the USA under Lend-Lease for the supply of a wide variety of products for railway transport, the supply of diesel locomotives was also envisaged. The ALCO plant was supposed to build and ship <nobr>70 diesel locomotives</nobr> to the USSR. The <nobr>RSD-1</nobr> model was chosen as a sample for delivery. The total cost of this order was about eight million dollars.

<space=1em><b>Universal Machine</b>

<space=1em>The six-axle diesel locomotive <nobr>RSD-1</nobr> was created on the basis of the four-axle diesel locomotive <nobr>RS-1</nobr>, developed by ALCO in <nobr>1941.</nobr> <nobr>RS-1</nobr> ("Road <nobr>Switcher 1</nobr>") was a four-axle diesel locomotive with a diesel engine <nobr>series 539</nobr> (four-stroke, six-cylinder, in-line) with a capacity of <nobr>1,000 hp</nobr> and with a DC electric transmission.

<space=1em><nobr>RS-1</nobr> was considered as a universal locomotive, suitable for both mainline and shunting work. Therefore, it used a fundamentally new for that time <nobr>body design —</nobr> bonnet, with the control cabin located not at the end of the locomotive, but "sandwiched" between two bonnets of different lengths. In the future, such a design will be widely used on American diesel locomotives.

<space=1em>The <nobr>RS-1</nobr> series locomotives turned out to be very successful and were subsequently produced in the USA for about <nobr>20 years</nobr>, until <nobr>1960</nobr>, and in total, slightly less than <nobr>500 units</nobr> were built.

<space=1em><b>Trans-Iranian Railway</b>

<space=1em>After the outbreak of World War II, as part of the large-scale Lend-Lease program, the Allies faced the task of ensuring large volumes of freight traffic along the Trans-Iranian Railway, which became one of the main channels for delivering military aid to the USSR. To ensure transportation along it, the US Army needed a significant number of locomotives, for which the <nobr>RS-1</nobr> was chosen as the model for ordering.

<space=1em>These modern, fairly powerful diesel locomotives at that time were quite suitable for this purpose, with the exception of one <nobr>circumstance —</nobr> being designed for operation on American railways, with a dead weight of <nobr>112 tons</nobr> they had an axle load of <nobr>28 tf</nobr>, which was unacceptably high for the Trans-Iranian Railway.

<space=1em>In connection with this, the ALCO company urgently created a diesel locomotive <nobr>RS-1</nobr>, which differed mainly in the use of two three-axle bogies. The axle arrangement of the new locomotive looked like <nobr>3_O-3_O</nobr>, and the axle load was reduced to <nobr>19 tf</nobr>. As a result, during the period <nobr>1942–1946</nobr> the US Army received a total of about a hundred diesel locomotives of the <nobr>RSD-1</nobr> series.

<space=1em><b>Diesel locomotive D^A></b>

<space=1em>It was the <nobr>RSD-1</nobr> that was chosen by ALCO as the model for delivery to the USSR. The entire batch of locomotives, <nobr>70 units</nobr> were built during <nobr>1944.</nobr> The Soviet designation of the series was D^A (indicated as D^A20, where the number indicated the axle load in ton-forces), <nobr>№ 01–80</nobr>. The electrical equipment was manufactured by General Electric.

<space=1em>Locomotives were delivered to the USSR by sea on ships, and two diesel locomotives, D^A <nobr>No. 41 and 50</nobr>, were lost during transportation (they sank). The diesel locomotives were unloaded in the northern <nobr>ports of Murmansk and Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk).

<space=1em><b>Operation</b>

<space=1em>In February <nobr>1945</nobr> the first diesel locomotive, <nobr>D^A20 11</nobr>, was put into operation at the Ramenskoye depot near Moscow. Later, the bulk of the D^A diesel locomotives were sent to the Ashgabat railway (Ashgabat, Mary, Chardzhou, Kazandzhik, Krasnovodsk depots), where from May <nobr>1945</nobr> they began to service the entire main line of this road from Krasnovodsk to Ziadin.

<space=1em>A small batch of D^A diesel locomotives in the second half of <nobr>1945</nobr> arrived at the Gudermes depot of the Ordzhonikidzevskaya railway, where they began to work on the <nobr>Gudermes - Astrakhan</nobr> and <nobr>Gudermes - Makhachkala</nobr> sections. Later, these locomotives were also transferred to the Ashgabat railway, where all D^A series diesel locomotives were eventually concentrated.

<space=1em>Most of the D^A series diesel locomotives worked their entire lives in Central Asia and were decommissioned on the Central Asian Railway in the <nobr>1980s.</nobr> The very last D^A series diesel locomotives on the MPS network were removed from the inventory in the early <nobr>1990s.</nobr>

<space=1em><b>Museum exhibit</b>

<space=1em>The <nobr>D^A20 09</nobr> diesel locomotive presented in the museum, built <nobr>in 1944</nobr>, was used for a long time on the Ashgabat Railway, and in <nobr>1964</nobr> it was transferred to the North Caucasus Railway. The diesel locomotive arrived at the museum from the Tikhoretskaya depot of this road in <nobr>1996</nobr>

ID экспоната:  70

Аудио:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/de/c2/dec2d7b9b2e2ac65ed5a5df8aa171cabf8c6d492.ogg

Галерея изображений:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c1/9b/s1c19b55c2449a611879326a4b99402eee0570b165.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/6a/03/s16a03b93beb3afde376dee7c2c00b88a39effbaf5.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/98/51/s198511d7ec67fceff07110260c3a9e63c04c72524.jpg

Галерея изображений (оригинал):  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c1/9b/c19b55c2449a611879326a4b99402eee0570b165.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/6a/03/6a03b93beb3afde376dee7c2c00b88a39effbaf5.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/98/51/98511d7ec67fceff07110260c3a9e63c04c72524.jpg

Галерея изображений 2000:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/c1/9b/s2c19b55c2449a611879326a4b99402eee0570b165.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/6a/03/s26a03b93beb3afde376dee7c2c00b88a39effbaf5.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/98/51/s298511d7ec67fceff07110260c3a9e63c04c72524.jpg

Исторические фото:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/52/4f/s1524fe9e2e25404f46eafa6b6479a1687c70ab123.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/8f/17/s18f17034e341cc1bc8243957b471dc4c02fc4ca76.jpg

Параметры (технические характеристики):  Years of production 1944–1945 Number of locomotives built, pcs. 70 / Diesel power, hp 1,000 Power transmission type Electric, direct current Axial characteristic 3_о-3_о Design speed, km/h 96 Weight in working condition, t 121 Continuous traction force, kgf 16,000 Diesel type ALCO 539T Diesel characteristic In-line six-cylinder four-stroke Traction generator type GT-553-C3 Traction electric motor type GE-731D Axial gear ratio 75:16=4.69 Battery type Acid Brake compressor type 3CD Wheel diameter, mm 1,016 Axle load on rails, t 20.2 Continuous speed, km/h 12 Equipment reserves, kg Fuel — 5,150; sand — 1,200 Length along the axles of automatic couplings, mm 16,917 Body width, mm 3,121 Body height, mm 4,251 Kingpin base, mm 9,449 Body wheelbase, mm 3,429 Smallest radius of passable curves, m 70

План:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/80/42/804287c697d539e3336e803295743c2760de83e0.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/a4/57/a4575a38d5e3bd4f7c4de041f7606eba0d8a3068.jpg

План 1000:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/80/42/s1804287c697d539e3336e803295743c2760de83e0.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/a4/57/s1a4575a38d5e3bd4f7c4de041f7606eba0d8a3068.jpg

План 2000:  http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/80/42/s2804287c697d539e3336e803295743c2760de83e0.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/a4/57/s2a4575a38d5e3bd4f7c4de041f7606eba0d8a3068.jpg

Хронология:  <space=1em>After the outbreak of World War II, a large-scale Lend-Lease program was launched. The Allies were to ensure large volumes of freight traffic along the Trans-Iranian Railway, which became one of the main channels for delivering military aid to the USSR. To organize transportation along it, the US Army needed a significant number of locomotives. The RS-1 diesel locomotive was chosen as a sample for the order. At that time, these were modern and powerful diesel locomotives, but they were not suitable for this purpose due to one circumstance. Designed for operation on American railroads, they had an axle load of 28 tf with their own weight of 112 tons. And this was unacceptably high for the Trans-Iranian Railway. In connection with this, the ALCO company urgently created a diesel locomotive based on the RS-1 — the RSD-1. Basically, it differed only in the use of two three-axle bogies. The axle formula of the new locomotive looked like 3₀–3₀, and the axle load was reduced to 19 tf. As a result, between 1942 and 1946, the US Army received about a hundred RSD-1 series diesel locomotives. <space=1em>The RSD-1 was chosen as the model for delivery to the USSR. The entire batch of locomotives was built during 1944 — 70 units in total. The Soviet designation of the series was D^A No. 01–70 and was indicated as D^A-20, where the number denoted the axle load in ton-forces. The electrical equipment was manufactured by General Electric. The locomotives were delivered to the USSR by sea on ships, and two locomotives (D^A No. 41 and No. 50) sank during transportation. The locomotives were unloaded in the northern ports of Murmansk and Molotovsk (modern Severodvinsk). <space=1em>In February 1945, the first diesel locomotive, D^A-20-11, was put into operation at the Ramenskoye depot near Moscow. <space=1em>In July 1945, locomotives for the government train were being prepared for a trip to the conference of the three powers in Potsdam (a suburb of Berlin). In view of its greater autonomy, it was decided to use the D^A-20-27 diesel locomotive as a cover locomotive. During the trip, the locomotive skidded on an incline near Drovnino station (near the city of Mozhaisk), and the diesel locomotive was used for the rest of the journey to Potsdam. As a result, on August 5, 1945, in honor of Railway Worker's Day, I. V. Stalin held a meeting at which it was decided to resume the construction of diesel locomotives in the USSR and to use the D^A diesel locomotive as a model. <space=1em>Most of the D^A series diesel locomotives worked their entire lives in Central Asia and were decommissioned on the Central Asian Railway in the 1980s. The very last D^A series diesel locomotives on the MPS network were removed from the inventory in the early 1990s. <space=1em>The D^A-20-09 diesel locomotive presented in the museum, built in 1944, was used for a long time on the Ashgabat Railway, and in 1964 it was transferred to the North Caucasian Railway. It arrived at the museum in 1996 from the Tikhoretskaya depot of this railway.

Блоки описания:  [{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"Despite the creation of several different designs of diesel locomotives in the pre-war USSR, the introduction of diesel locomotive traction on domestic railways never moved beyond the experimental stage.","subtitle":"Assistance from the USA"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"With the onset of the Great Patriotic War, the advantages of diesel traction became increasingly clear. As Soviet specialists placed substantial orders in the USA under Lend-Lease for various railway transport supplies, the delivery of diesel locomotives was also planned. The ALCO Plant was supposed to build and ship 70 diesel locomotives to the USSR. The RSD-1 model was selected as the sample for delivery. The total value of this order was approximately eight million dollars.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"The RSD-1 diesel locomotive was developed based on the RS-1, with the main difference being the use of two three-axle trucks.","title":"","images":[],"content":"The six-axle RSD-1 diesel locomotive was based on the four-axle RS-1 diesel locomotive developed by ALCO in 1941. The RS-1 (Road Switcher 1) was a four-axle diesel locomotive with a 539 series diesel engine (four-stroke, six-cylinder, in-line) with a capacity of 1,000 hp and with a DC electric transmission.","subtitle":"Universal Machine"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The RS-1 was seen as a general-purpose locomotive, suitable for both mainline and shunting work. Therefore, it featured a fundamentally new for that time hood-type body design, with the control cab positioned not at the end of the locomotive, but “sandwiched” between two hoods of different lengths. This design would later become widely adopted in American diesel locomotives.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The RS-1 locomotives were quite successful and were produced in the USA for nearly 20 years until 1960, with just under 500 units built.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"One of the main routes for delivering military aid to the USSR was the Trans-Iranian Railway, but American diesel locomotives were too heavy for it.","title":"","images":[],"content":"After the outbreak of World War II, as part of the large-scale Lend-Lease program, the Allies faced the task of ensuring large volumes of freight transport along the Trans-Iranian Railway, which became one of the main routes for delivering military aid to the USSR. To support transportation along this route, the US Army required a significant number of locomotives, and the RS-1 was selected as the model for the order.","subtitle":"Trans-Iranian Railway"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"These diesel locomotives, modern for their time and quite powerful, were suitable for the task, with one exception: designed for operation on American railways, they had an axial load of 28 tf, which was unacceptably high for the Trans-Iranian Railway, given their weight of 112 t.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"In response, ALCO urgently developed the RSD-1 diesel locomotive based on the RS-1, which differed mainly in using two three-axle trucks. The new locomotive had a 3<sub>O<\/sub>-3<sub>O<\/sub> wheel arrangement, and the axial load was reduced to 19 tf. As a result, between 1942 and 1946, the US Army received approximately one hundred RSD-1 diesel locomotives.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"The diesel locomotives were delivered to the USSR by sea, and two of them sank.","title":"D<sup>A<\/sup>20 09 Diesel Locomotive","images":[],"content":"It was the RSD-1 that was chosen by ALCO as a model for delivery to the USSR. The entire batch of locomotives, 70 units in total, was built during 1944. The Soviet designation of the series was D<sup>A<\/sup> (indicated as D<sup>A<\/sup>20, where the number indicated the axial load in tonne-forces), no 01–80. The electrical equipment was manufactured by General Electric.","subtitle":"Deliveries"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The locomotives were delivered to the USSR by sea on ships, and two diesel locomotives, D<sup>A<\/sup> no. 41 and no. 50, were lost during transportation (they sank). Diesel locomotives were unloaded in the northern ports of Murmansk and Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk).","subtitle":""},{"quote":"In February 1945, the first diesel locomotive, D<sup>A<\/sup>20 11, was put into operation at the Ramenskoye Depot near Moscow.","title":"","images":[],"content":"In February 1945, the first diesel locomotive, D<sup>A<\/sup>20 11, was put into operation at the Ramenskoye Depot near Moscow. Subsequently, the majority of the D<sup>A<\/sup> diesel locomotives were sent to the Ashgabat Railway (to the Ashgabat, Mary, Chardzhou, Gazanjyk, and Krasnovodsk Depots), where, starting in May 1945, they began servicing the entire main line of the railway from Krasnovodsk to Ziyovuddin.","subtitle":"Operation"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"A small batch of D<sup>A<\/sup> diesel locomotives arrived at the Gudermes Depot of the Ordzhonikidze Railway in the second half of 1945, where they began servicing the Gudermes-Astrakhan and Gudermes-Makhachkala sections. Later, these locomotives were also transferred to the Ashgabat Railway, where all the D<sup>A<\/sup> diesel locomotives were eventually concentrated.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"Most of the D<sup>A<\/sup> locomotives operated throughout their entire service life in Central Asia and were decommissioned on the Central Asian Railway in the 1980s. The very last D<sup>A<\/sup> locomotives in the Ministry of Railways network were retired in the early 1990s.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The D<sup>A<\/sup>20 09 diesel locomotive, built in 1944 and now displayed in the museum, was used for many years on the Ashgabat Railway before being transferred to the North Caucasus Railway in 1964.","subtitle":"Museum Exhibit"}]

Характеристики (блоками):  [{"name":"Factory","type":"text","value":"American Locomotive Company","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Serial number of the locomotive","type":"number","value":"72081","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Years of production","type":"number","value":"1944–1945","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number built, units","type":"number","value":"70","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Мощность дизеля, hp","type":"number","value":"1,000","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Power transmission type","type":"text","value":"Electric","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Axle characteristic","type":"number","value":"3<sub>О<\/sub>–3<sub>О<\/sub>","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Design speed, km\/h","type":"number","value":"96","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Weight in working condition, t","type":"number","value":"121","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Continuous traction force, kgf","type":"number","value":"16,000","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel type, T","type":"text","value":"ALCO 539","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel","type":"text","value":"In-line","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Traction generator type","type":"text","value":"GT-553-C3","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Traction motor type","type":"number","value":"GE-731D","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Axial gear ratio","type":"number","value":"75:16=4,69","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Battery type","type":"text","value":"Acidic","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Brake compressor type, CD","type":"number","value":"3","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Wheel diameter, mm","type":"number","value":"1016","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Axle load on rails, t","type":"number","value":"20.2","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Continuous mode speed, km\/h","type":"number","value":"12","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Equipment fuel reserves, kg","type":"number","value":"5 150","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Equipment stocks of sand, kg","type":"number","value":"1,200","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Length along the axles of automatic couplings, mm","type":"number","value":"16,917","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Body width, mm","type":"number","value":"3 121","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Body height, mm","type":"number","value":"4 251","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Kingpin base, mm","type":"number","value":"9,449","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Wheelbase of the bogie, mm","type":"number","value":"3,429","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Minimum radius of passable curves, m","type":"number","value":"70","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel characteristics","type":"text","value":"Six-cylinder","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Fuel combustion cycle","type":"text","value":"Four-stroke","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Current","type":"text","value":"Direct","is_two_colls":false}]

История (блоками):  [{"year":"1941","content":"The RS-1 diesel locomotive is developed by the American Locomotive Сompany."},{"year":"1944","content":"70 D<sup>A<\/sup> locomotives are built. The D<sup>A<\/sup>20 09 diesel locomotive is built."},{"year":"February 1945","content":"The first D<sup>A<\/sup>20 11 diesel locomotive is put into operation at the Ramenskoye Depot near Moscow."},{"year":"1964","content":"The D<sup>A<\/sup>20 09 diesel locomotive is transferred to the North Caucasus Railway."},{"year":"1996","content":"The D<sup>A<\/sup>20 09 diesel locomotive arrives at the Russian Railway Museum from the Tikhoretskaya Depot."}]

Чертежи (блоками):  [{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/80\/42\/s2804287c697d539e3336e803295743c2760de83e0.jpg","title":"Drawing of a diesel locomotive of the D<sup>A<\/sup> series"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/a4\/57\/s2a4575a38d5e3bd4f7c4de041f7606eba0d8a3068.jpg","title":"Чертёж тележки тепловоза серии Д<sup>А<\/sup>"}]

Модель (деталка):  D^A 20 09

Заголовок (деталка):  Mainline Diesel Locomotive

Подвал описания:  The diesel locomotive arrived at the museum from the Tikhoretskaya Depot of this railway in 1996.

Заголовок истории:  Chronology

Mnemonic code:  70

Code in external DB source:  333

Name:  D^A-20-09