Exhibits

Wagons

S.Z. 558

<space=1em>Four axles

<space=1em>Since 1884, the transportation of mail by Russian railways was under the jurisdiction of the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs, which was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The same department owned the mail cars themselves, but their design and orders for new rolling stock were agreed upon with the Ministry of Railways.

<space=1em>In the 1890s, the number of mail items transported by rail on some routes began to exceed the capacity of the three-axle mail cars operating there. In connection with this, at the end of the 19th century, a small number of mail cars with four axles were built.

<space=1em>New type

<space=1em>By 1901 the Russo-Baltic Carriage Works (RBVZ) in Riga received an order from the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to build 14 carriages for the transportation of postal baggage weighing up to 600 poods (9.8 t) for the Samara - Chelyabinsk Samara-Zlatoust Railway line and five carriages for the Moscow - Kursk - Kharkov line of the Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh Railway.

<space=1em>Since at the same time a new type of four-axle passenger carriages with a body length of 18 m and Pullman bogies, designed for mass production for state-owned roads, was developed, the RBVZ engineers took these carriages as a model. In 1902 the order was completed. The production of carriages of this type continued with some changes, the main ones being a change in the roof profile and an increase in storage space due to the elimination of open brake platforms.

<space=1em>The layout of the mail cars with a body length of 18 m on Pullman bogies served as a model for the development in 1927 of mail cars with a body length of 20 m and Fete bogies and the mail cars with a body length of 20.2 m that replaced them.

<space=1em>Museum exhibit

<space=1em>The car belongs to the first batch of four-axle mail cars for the transportation of mail weighing up to 600 poods (9.8 t) with a body length of 18 m and Pullman bogies. Built by RBVZ in 1902 for the Samara - Chelyabinsk line of the Samara-Zlatoust Railway or Moscow - Kursk - Kharkov of the Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh Railway. In 1951 it was assigned to the Leningrad-Moscow wagon section of the October Railway, and had number 708. By 1973 it was excluded from the number of passenger cars.

<space=1em>During operation, the car lost its hand brakes, and the storage areas were enlarged due to the brake platforms, as was the case with cars built in the 1910s. However, further modernizations that such cars were subjected to (installation of automatic couplers, replacement of bogies, arrangement of a compartment for personnel due to the reduction of the storage area) bypassed this car.

<space=1em>The car was preserved due to the fact that for a long time it was used to store linen at the technical inspection point for long-distance passenger cars at the Leningrad-Passazhirsky-Finlyandsky station. Transferred from there to the museum in 1990.

<space=1em>The car was restored by OOO ARS-M in two stages: in 2013–2014. the body was repaired and installed on bogies, and in 2017–2018. the interior was reconstructed.

ID экспоната: 71

Галерея изображений: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/28/14/s128145a0191ca8d2a22b92561626911f85c4d7f56.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/8e/ac/s18eac0da2651c9c3bab046369ec9d734a9be5bb3d.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/5a/63/s15a63f9ab041101a367204a755109273f1c8c067e.jpg

Галерея изображений (оригинал): http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/28/14/28145a0191ca8d2a22b92561626911f85c4d7f56.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/8e/ac/8eac0da2651c9c3bab046369ec9d734a9be5bb3d.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/5a/63/5a63f9ab041101a367204a755109273f1c8c067e.jpg

Галерея изображений 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/28/14/s228145a0191ca8d2a22b92561626911f85c4d7f56.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/8e/ac/s28eac0da2651c9c3bab046369ec9d734a9be5bb3d.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/5a/63/s25a63f9ab041101a367204a755109273f1c8c067e.jpg

Исторические фото: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/37/01/s13701b49b942687444998eb3e95a42587afff261e.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/38/62/s13862059689e0446deb7c077dfc33139609c4a51d.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/5a/2d/s15a2d3d0db7fff72ca635c441c300d5ce1f4a0a4f.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/73/f0/s173f07e5482b0832b263411edf1e4ec617ce86fca.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/11/15/s11115ed9a4e67e428c20131e9e79031e243d9d34c.png / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/22/7f/s1227f44f2b5dd96c816eb14b9f478539fd1b0f731.png / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/a5/fd/s1a5fdac404514a903d761179feb5c4f8f3d26a669.jpg

Параметры (технические характеристики): Year of built 1902 Car tare, t 15,4 / Distance between pivot beam axes, mm 12 500  Frame Steel, truss rod reinforced Body length, mm 18 000  Width, mm 3 140  Carried mail weight, t 9,8 Trolley type Pullman Ventilation type Natural Heating type Standalone water and main steam heating Lighting type Candle Body Wood

Хронология: <space=1em>The first specialized mail cars appeared on the St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway, which was under construction in 1849. <space=1em>In 1857, the Postal Charter was reintroduced, according to which railways were obliged to transport mail free of charge in each passenger train. <space=1em>Since the correspondence was processed directly on the way, special conditions were created for employees. To prevent injuries to employees during movement, the furniture in the car was secured and made without sharp corners. Special places were provided for the personnel to rest. Heating of the cars was gradually transferred from dry stoves to water. For a smoother ride, the mail cars had an improved suspension system. To make the transportation of mail safer, there was no entrance from the brake platforms for the brakemen into the car. <space=1em>Almost every mail car corresponded to a post office and had its own stamp for canceling correspondence. In 1869, the numbering of mail cars was introduced, which was reflected on the stamp. <space=1em>The scale of mail transportation grew, and it was no longer possible to continue lengthening three-axle cars, so they switched to building four-axle bogie cars. The maximum length of a three-axle car was 13 m, and when switching to four-axle cars, the length was immediately increased to 17.8 m, and then to 20 m. <space=1em>The first type of four-axle mail car was a car developed by the Nikolaev Railway in conjunction with the postal department. This car was presented at the All-Russian Trade and Industrial Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod in 1896. The carriage was 17 m long. <space=1em>The first 19 four-axle carriages, 18 m long and with a load capacity of 600 poods (9.8 t), were built in 1902 by the Russo-Baltic Plant in Riga. After the interior layout was finalized, these carriages were mass-produced. <space=1em>The transition to 20 m long carriages took place during World War I (1916–1917). 20 m long wooden-bodied postal carriages continued to be built at the Kalinin Carriage Works during the Soviet era until the start of the Great Patriotic War. <space=1em>The first all-metal postal carriage of the 4sb type was built by order of the USSR Ministry of Communications at the Yegorov Carriage Works in 1949. They were built there until the beginning of the 21st century. <space=1em>The mail car presented in the museum was completely reconstructed, as its interior equipment was not preserved. To recreate the layout of this car, original album drawings of mail cars were used as samples. <space=1em>The car has two storage rooms for mail, an office for processing correspondence with tables and shelves for work, a soft sleeping place for rest. There is also a place for the postman, who also had to deal with heating the car. <space=1em>The car is open to visitors. Inside the car, the interior is first-class recreated, and guests can get acquainted with the work of track postal workers.

Блоки описания: [{"quote":"By the end of the 19th century, the volume of mail being transported by rail had increased so much that three-axle mail cars were not sufficient.","title":"","images":[],"content":"Starting 1884, the transportation of mail on Russian railways was under the jurisdiction of the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs, which was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. This department also owned the mail cars, but their design and orders for new rolling stock were coordinated with the Ministry of Railways.","subtitle":"Four Axles"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"In the 1890s, the volume of mail transported by rail on certain routes began to exceed the capacity of the three-axle mail cars in service. As a result, towards the end of the 19th century, a small number of four-axle mail cars were constructed.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"After the first batch of 19 cars, production continued with minor changes, including an increase in storage space by eliminating the open brake platforms.","title":"New Type","images":[],"content":"By 1901, the Russo-Baltic Wagon Factory (RBVZ) in Riga received an order from the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to build 14 cars for transporting postal baggage weighing up to 600 poods (9.8 t) for the Samara-Chelyabinsk line of the Samara-Zlatoust Railway and five cars for the Moscow-Kursk-Kharkiv line of the Moscow-Kyiv-Voronezh Railway.","subtitle":"19 Cars"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"Since a new type of four-axle passenger cars with a body length of 18 m and Pullman trucks, designed for mass production for state-owned railways, was developed at the same time, RBVZ engineers used these passenger cars as a prototype. In 1902, the order was completed. Production of these cars continued with some modifications, the main ones being a change in the roof profile and an increase in storage space by eliminating the open brake platforms.\r\n\r\nThe design of the 18 m long mail cars on Pullman trucks served as the basis for the development of 20 m long mail cars with Fette trucks in 1927, and later the 20.2 m long mail cars that replaced them.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"The car has been preserved for the museum display because it was long-used to store linen at the technical inspection station for long-distance coaches.","title":"","images":[],"content":"The car belongs to the first batch of four-axle postal cars designed for transporting postal baggage weighing up to 600 poods (9.8 t), with a body length of 18 m and Pullman trucks. It was built by the RBVZ in 1902 for the Samara-Chelyabinsk line of the Samara-Zlatoust Railway or Moscow-Kursk-Kharkiv line of the Moscow-Kiyv-Voronezh Railway. In 1951, it was assigned to the Leningrad-Moscow railway car station of the Oktyabrskaya Railway under No. 708. By 1973, it was excluded from the passenger fleet.\r\n\r\nDuring its service, the car lost its hand brakes, and the storage space was enlarged by removing the brake platforms, similar to modifications made to cars built in the 1910s. However, it did not undergo further modernisations, such as the installation of automatic couplers, replacement of trucks, or the arrangement of compartments for personnel through a reduction in storage space, which were typical for similar cars.","subtitle":"Museum Exhibit"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The car has been preserved because it was long-used to store linen at the technical inspection station for long-distance coaches at the Leningrad-Passazhirsky-Finlyandsky Station. It was transferred to the museum in 1990.","subtitle":""}]

Характеристики (блоками): [{"name":"Year of construction","type":"number","value":"1902","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Wagon tare, t","type":"text","value":"15.4","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Distance between the axes of the kingpin beams, mm","type":"number","value":"12,500","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Body length, mm","type":"number","value":"18,000","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Width, mm","type":"number","value":"3 140","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Weight of transported postal baggage, t","type":"number","value":"9.8","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Cart type","type":"text","value":"Pullman","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Ventilation type","type":"text","value":"Natural","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Lighting type","type":"text","value":"Candle","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Body","type":"text","value":"Wooden","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Autonomous heating","type":"text","value":"Water","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Main heating","type":"text","value":"Steam","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Frame","type":"text","value":"Metal, trusses reinforced","is_two_colls":false}]

История (блоками): [{"year":"1849","content":"The first mail cars entered service."},{"year":"1896","content":"Mail car No. 558 was presented at the All-Russian Trade and Art Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod."},{"year":"1970s","content":"The first standard mail cars entered service."},{"year":"1902","content":"A batch of four-axle postal cars was produced, marking a technological breakthrough."}]

Чертежи (блоками): [{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/d2\/b8\/s2d2b805170479123628dcf73aefa27fa359ec87af.jpg","title":"Общий вид четырёхосного почтового вагона"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/f6\/66\/s2f666b9b3fc6c814cb9f36041a2e3a04d8e7170ad.jpg","title":"План вагона"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/3e\/e4\/s23ee4cf378d8b269c61ceda9d9c05ae7598f9a9cf.jpg","title":"План вагона"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/05\/97\/s20597c000b7fd19285554f97aad228cf0fc99eecc.jpg","title":"Чертёж почтового вагона на тележках системы Пульмана"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/77\/94\/s27794115cc312efb2ed3063b1c8c8178898296cb3.jpg","title":"Общий вид четырёхосного почтового вагона"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/b4\/37\/s2b4374fb07af46cffb7da91dba1bfc7a71e69a784.jpg","title":"Почтовый ящик"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/7d\/02\/s27d0228fa6c77fb6bd4839445ebe0a1716435432b.jpg","title":"Общий вид тележки Пульмана"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/b4\/f4\/s2b4f4922d1483aec8834ac9e1113271e0edaa62d8.jpg","title":"Общий вид трёхосного почтового вагона"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/69\/42\/s269422148e9bfdb5fceeef689b4d5092d2dd5e2e4.jpg","title":"План-схема вагона"}]

Модель (деталка): S.Z. №558

Заголовок (деталка): Mail Car

Подвал описания: The car was restored by LLC ARS-M in two stages: in 2013–2014, the body was repaired and installed on trucks, and in 2017–2018, the interior was reconstructed.

Заголовок истории: Chronology

Mnemonic code: 71

Code in external DB source: 332

Name: S.Z. 558

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