Exhibits

Diesel locomotives

Shc-EL-1 Ya. M. Gakkel

<space=1em>Application of diesel

<space=1em>At the end of the 19th century quite functional designs of internal combustion engines of various systems were created, including the engine with compression ignition, developed in 1897 by Rudolf Diesel and later named after him. Soon such designs began to be widely used in various fields of technology, including transport: cars, motorcycles, tractors, airplanes and ships.

<space=1em>As for their use on locomotives, in this case significant technical problems arose. The fact is that the innate characteristics of the internal combustion engine did not agree well with the specific features of the locomotive as a traction machine, in connection with which it was necessary to create an intermediate link - power transmission, adapting the diesel to the operating conditions on the locomotive.

<space=1em>At the beginning of the 20th century, many experimental designs of diesel locomotives with different types of transmissions were created, mainly mechanical ones. But for a number of reasons, all of them turned out to be either extremely low-power and unsuitable for driving trains, or completely inoperable. Only after years of trial and error was it established that electric and hydraulic power transmissions were the most suitable for use on diesel locomotives.

<space=1em>Yakov Gakkel's Project

<space=1em>GE1 — the very first domestically built diesel locomotive and one of the first operational mainline locomotive in the world with an internal combustion engine (diesel). It was built in Petrograd in 1922–1924 according to the design of engineer Ya. M. Gakkel through the joint efforts of three plants — the Baltic Shipyard (installation of the diesel engine and general assembly of the locomotive), Krasny Putilovets (manufacture of the body and chassis) and Elektrik (former Dynamo — manufacture of traction electric motors).

<space=1em>The locomotive is equipped with a ten-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine with a capacity of 1,000 hp. s., released back in 1916 by the English Vickers plant for the Russian submarine Lebed, unfinished due to the events of 1917. The locomotive has an electric power transmission system. Two DC traction generators were released by the Volta plant (Riga) and were also originally intended for use on submarines.

<space=1em>Ten traction electric motors PT-100 with a capacity of 100 kW installed on the drive axles with a support-axle suspension were specially designed for this locomotive under the supervision of engineer A.E. Alekseev. The crew part of the locomotive consisted of a body and three four-axle bogies. The body had a main frame, which rested on each bogie with the help of four leaf springs and sliding supports.

<space=1em>Experimental

<space=1em>The assembly of the diesel locomotive was generally completed at the Baltic Shipyard in mid-1924. The completion of work on the locomotive was planned for October 1924, but this was prevented by the severe flood in Leningrad in September 1924, which flooded the territory of the Baltic Shipyard. As a result, the locomotive was finally ready a month later and on November 7, 1924, it made its first independent trip along the tracks of the October Railway. In January 1925 the locomotive traveled under its own power with the train to Moscow and was subsequently used on the Moscow-Kursk Railway in 1926–1927.

<space=1em>At different times, this locomotive had several designations: initially ЯГ № 1 (named after its creator Ya.M. Gakkel), then ЮЭ002 ("Ю" at that time remained free in the system of designating Russian steam locomotive series), then ГЭ1 ("E" indicated the type of transmission — electric), and later ЩЭЛ1 ("Щ" indicated the equivalence of the locomotive's power and the then very common steam locomotive Щ series).

<space=1em>The ЩЭЛ1 locomotive remained an experimental model, manufactured in a single copy. Later, diesel locomotives of more advanced designs were built in the USSR. Nevertheless, the experience of creating the ShchEL1 had a huge impact on all domestic diesel locomotive construction.

<space=1em>Museum specimen

<space=1em>Since the late 1920s, the locomotive was not used. Before the war, it was delivered to the experimental ring of the All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Transport in Shcherbinka, and in 1972 it was installed as a monument in the Khovrino locomotive depot of the October Railway. In the fall of 1997, the ShchEL1 was removed from its pedestal and delivered to the Central Museum of the October Railway in St. Petersburg.

ID экспоната: 95

Галерея изображений: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/f4/f5/s1f4f5c957b13dda128b24ae2a91c1d8ae4198e7b9.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/ea/93/s1ea9332a6b46e7a320d7310f0e7abf703422e2028.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/49/3a/s1493a1b97303041d5cd5c9eb9118397753214adab.jpg

Галерея изображений (оригинал): http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/f4/f5/f4f5c957b13dda128b24ae2a91c1d8ae4198e7b9.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/ea/93/ea9332a6b46e7a320d7310f0e7abf703422e2028.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/49/3a/493a1b97303041d5cd5c9eb9118397753214adab.jpg

Галерея изображений 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/f4/f5/s2f4f5c957b13dda128b24ae2a91c1d8ae4198e7b9.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/ea/93/s2ea9332a6b46e7a320d7310f0e7abf703422e2028.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/49/3a/s2493a1b97303041d5cd5c9eb9118397753214adab.jpg

Исторические фото: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/89/57/s18957d30e705e22495b60cfde408a5441afc1e93e.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/47/41/s14741a4f138489299efff23c8337d44489d4a14b6.png / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/8b/c2/s18bc2ff5140148ce28c1bf40827b754db62041843.png / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/1d/bb/s11dbba2e59d025b6542d7809ed18e3902d3a34a0f.png / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/50/78/s1507814553af45d6b64835a0524fe0f37b5df9871.png / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/6e/4e/s16e4e67664d0232e3d8e491978ac1761baea453fe.jpg

Параметры (технические характеристики): Year of construction 1924 Type of locomotive Freight and passenger / Number of locomotive sections 1 Axle arrangement 1-3o-0 + 0-4o-0 + 0-3o-1 Length of locomotive by buffers, mm 22,760 Wheelbase, mm 19,500 Service weight, t 180 Coupling weight, t 160 Rail axle load, t 16 Diameter of driving wheels, mm 1,050 Design speed, km/h 75 Diesel power, hp 1,000 Diesel Vickers Nominal power, kW 800 Number of diesel revolutions per minute 395 Min. radius of passing curve, m 150

План: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/ff/c0/ffc0455b29308739d58a1ea72e59bc6726c57ad1.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/b1/68/b16886d82cd3796e6b0a5a711ec4c19c1c0d6a63.jpg

План 1000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/ff/c0/s1ffc0455b29308739d58a1ea72e59bc6726c57ad1.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/b1/68/s1b16886d82cd3796e6b0a5a711ec4c19c1c0d6a63.jpg

План 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/ff/c0/s2ffc0455b29308739d58a1ea72e59bc6726c57ad1.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/b1/68/s2b16886d82cd3796e6b0a5a711ec4c19c1c0d6a63.jpg

Хронология: <space=1em>The development of the diesel locomotive began in 1921. At that time, Professor Ya. M. Gakkel, better known to the world of aviation, proposed the first project of a diesel-electric locomotive (diesel locomotive) and presented it to the Supreme Technical Committee of the NKPS (People's Commissariat of Railways). In September of the same year, Gakkel presented a project of a diesel-electric locomotive with an engine with a capacity of 1,000 hp. <space=1em>The locomotive project was supported by the Chairman of the State Planning Committee G. M. Krzhizhanovsky, who reported on it to V. I. Lenin. The latter, understanding the importance of the practical implementation of the project, ordered that funds be immediately allocated for its construction. <space=1em>At the end of 1922, the working design of the locomotive began. A diesel engine from the Vickers plant, built in 1916 for the Lebed submarine, was used as the prime mover. <space=1em>On August 5, 1924, the diesel locomotive made its first trip on the Baltic Plant tracks. In August-September, the locomotive was supposed to go on the October Railway tracks after final adjustments and tuning. <space=1em>But in September, the most powerful flood of 1924 occurred in Petrograd, and all the traction electric motors were flooded. In order to save his brainchild, Gakkel bought alcohol with his last money, in which he dried the electric motors. <space=1em>On November 7, 1924, on the 8th anniversary of the October Revolution, the locomotive made its first trip along the October Railway tracks to Obukhovo station. <space=1em>The name of Gakkel's locomotive underwent many changes. <space=1em>At the same time, in June 1924, Professor Yu. V. Lomonosov designed his own locomotive at the Esslingen plant in Germany. The new and still mysterious type of locomotive was assigned the Yu series, since it was practically the last free letter in the designation of locomotive series in the Russian Empire. The NKPS designated Gakkel's invention as YuE-002, since it was similar to Lomonosov's YuE-001 diesel locomotive. The engineer was not happy with this: Ya. M. Gakkel wanted to immortalize his name in history and sought to have the letter G added to the series name. Later, already in the USSR, Yu. V. Lomonosov was declared an enemy of the people, his locomotive was designated as Eel2, and Gakkel's was designated as GEL No. 001, after the author's last name. <space=1em>The renaming did not end there, and the locomotive ended up with the ЩЭЛ 1 series name. The letter Щ indicated that the locomotive's power corresponded to that of the Щ series steam locomotive. <space=1em>On December 30, 1925, the locomotive was accepted by the NKPS acceptance committee and began working with freight trains on the Lyublino-Kursk section of the Moscow-Kursk Railway. In December 1927, it was removed from train service with a mileage of only 40,000 km. Subsequently, it was planned to carry out alterations to the locomotive, repair the traction motors, replace the gears in the reduction gear in order to increase traction force. However, no alterations were made, and the locomotive was sent to the Southern Railway to work as a power station. <space=1em>In 1940, Professor E. M. Gakkel and engineer V. A. Rakov put forward two options for redesigning the locomotive, but the war that began in 1941 did not allow this issue to be resolved. But this served as the reason for sending it to the experimental ring of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport, thanks to which it remained intact. In 1972, it was delivered to the Khovrino depot and installed on a monument. <space=1em>For the celebration of the 160th anniversary of Russian railways in 1997, the locomotive was transported to St. Petersburg. Since 2017, it has been exhibited at the Museum of Russian Railways.

Блоки описания: [{"quote":"At the beginning of the 20th century, internal combustion engines were already widely used in transportation, but their application in locomotives faced significant challenges.","title":"","images":[],"content":"At the end of the 19th century, fully functional designs of internal combustion engines of various systems were developed, including the compression ignition engine, created in 1897 by Rudolf Diesel, which later bore his name. These designs soon began to be widely adopted across various technical fields, including transportation: cars, motorcycles, tractors, aeroplanes, and ships.","subtitle":"The Use of Diesel"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"In terms of their application to locomotives, significant technical challenges arose. The inherent characteristics of the internal combustion engine were not well-suited to the specific demands of locomotives as traction machines. This required the development of an intermediate power transmission system to adapt the diesel engine for locomotive operations.\r\n\r\nIn the early 20th century, many experimental diesel locomotive designs with various types of transmissions, primarily mechanical, were created. However, these designs proved to be either too low-powered and unsuitable for train operations, or completely unworkable. It was not until years of trial and error that it was determined that electric and hydraulic power transmissions were the most effective solutions for diesel locomotives.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"The first Russian diesel locomotive was equipped with an engine originally intended for a submarine, which was never built due to the revolution.","title":"First Domestic Locomotive","images":[],"content":"GE<\/sup>1 is the very first domestically built diesel locomotive and one of the first operational mainline locomotives in the world with an internal combustion engine (diesel). It was built in Petrograd between 1922 and 1924 according to the design of Engineer Yakov Gakkel through the joint efforts of three plants: the Baltic Shipyard (installation of the diesel engine and general assembly of the locomotive), the Krasny Putilovets Plant (production of the body and running gear), and the Elektrik Plant (production of traction electric motors).","subtitle":"Yakov Gakkel’s Design"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The locomotive was equipped with a ten-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine with a capacity of 1,000 hp, produced back in 1916 by the English Vickers Plant for the Russian submarine Lebed (“Swan”), which was unfinished due to the events of 1917. The locomotive had an electric power transmission. Two direct current traction generators were produced by the Volta Plant (Riga) and were also originally intended for use on submarines.\r\n\r\nTen PT-100 traction electric motors with a capacity of 100 kW each, mounted on the guiding axles, with support-axle suspension, were specially designed for this locomotive under the supervision of Engineer A.E. Alekseev. The underframe of the diesel locomotive consisted of a body and three four-axle trucks. The body had a main frame which was supported on each truck by four bearing springs and sliding supports.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"The ShchEL<\/sup>1 remained an experimental model, but the experience gained from its creation had a profound impact on the development of domestic diesel locomotive construction.","title":"","images":[],"content":"The assembly of the diesel locomotive was largely completed at the Baltic Shipyard by mid-1924. While the work was originally planned to be finished by October 1924, severe flooding in Leningrad in September 1924 inundated the Baltic Shipyard, delaying the project. As a result, the diesel locomotive was finally ready a month later. On 7th November 1924, it made its first independent trip along the tracks of the Oktyabrskaya Railway. In January 1925, the locomotive travelled under its own power with a train to Moscow and was subsequently used on the Moscow-Kursk Railway in 1926–1927.\r\n\r\nAt different times, this diesel locomotive had several designations: initially, the locomotive was named YaG No. 1, after its creator Yakov Gakkel. It was later re-designated as YuE<\/sup>002 (the letter “Yu” was unused in the system for the Russian steam locomotive classes at the time), then as GE<\/sup>1 (where “E” indicated the type of transmission — electric), and later ShchEL<\/sup>1 (“Shch” signified that the diesel locomotive’s power was equivalent to that of the common Shch class steam locomotive).","subtitle":"Experimental Locomotive"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The ShchEL<\/sup>1 diesel locomotive remained an experimental model produced in a single copy. Later, more advanced diesel locomotives were built in the USSR. Nonetheless, the experience gained from creating the ShchEL<\/sup>1 had a profound impact on the development of domestic diesel locomotive construction.","subtitle":""},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"Since the late 1920s, the diesel locomotive was no longer in use. Before the war, it was sent to the test loop of the Railway Research Institute in Shcherbinka, and in 1972, it was installed as a monument at the Khovrino Locomotive Depot of the Oktyabrskaya Railway.","subtitle":"Museum Exhibit"}]

Характеристики (блоками): [{"name":"Year of construction","type":"number","value":"1924","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Locomotive type","type":"text","value":"Cargo-passenger","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Number of locomotive sections","type":"number","value":"1","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Locomotive length by buffers in mm","type":"number","value":"22 760","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Wheelbase in mm","type":"number","value":"19 500","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Service weight in t","type":"number","value":"180","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Hitch weight in t","type":"number","value":"160","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Rail axle load in t","type":"number","value":"16","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diameter of driving wheels in mm","type":"number","value":"1 050","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Design speed in km\/h","type":"number","value":"75","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel power in l. With.","type":"number","value":"1 000","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel","type":"text","value":"Vickers","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Rated power in kW","type":"number","value":"800","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Diesel speed per minute","type":"number","value":"395","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Minimum radius of a traversable curve in m","type":"number","value":"150","is_two_colls":false}]

История (блоками): [{"year":"1916","content":"A diesel engine is built at the Vickers Plant for the Russian submarine Lebed, which is later used in the ShchEL<\/sup>1 diesel locomotive."},{"year":"1921","content":"Professor Yakov Gakkel proposes the first design for a diesel locomotive and presents it to the Supreme Technical Committee of the People’s Commissariat of Communication Routes."},{"year":"September 1921","content":"Yakov Gakkel presents a design of a diesel-electric locomotive with a 1,000 hp engine."},{"year":"February 1922","content":"The design, together with the estimate, is submitted to the State Planning Committee."},{"year":"Mid-1924","content":"The assembly of the diesel locomotive is largely completed at the Baltic Shipyard."},{"year":"5th August 1924","content":"The first test run of the diesel locomotive on the tracks of the Baltic Shipyard."},{"year":"September 1924","content":"The severe flooding of the Baltic Shipyard delays the completion of work on the diesel locomotive."},{"year":"October 1924","content":"The planned completion of work on the diesel locomotive."},{"year":"7th November 1924","content":"The diesel locomotive is fully assembled and makes its first independent trip along the tracks of the Oktyabrskaya Railway."},{"year":"30th December 1925","content":"The diesel locomotive is accepted by the committee of the People’s Commissariat of Communication Routes and begins operating with freight trains on the Lyublino-Kursk section of the Moscow-Kursk Railway."},{"year":"December 1927","content":"The diesel locomotive is removed from service with a mileage of only 40,000 km."},{"year":"1940","content":"Professor Ya.M. Gakkel and Engineer V.A. Rakov put forward two options for redesigning the diesel locomotive."},{"year":"1941","content":"With the onset of the war, plans to redesign the diesel locomotive are postponed, and it is sent to the test loop of the Railway Research Institute."},{"year":"1972","content":"Thanks to the efforts of a group of enthusiasts, the diesel locomotive is delivered to the Khovrino Depot and installed as a monument."},{"year":"1997","content":"The diesel locomotive is transported to St. Petersburg for the celebration of the 160th anniversary of Russian railways."},{"year":"2017","content":"The diesel locomotive is delivered to the Russian Railway Museum."}]

Чертежи (блоками): [{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/ff\/c0\/s2ffc0455b29308739d58a1ea72e59bc6726c57ad1.jpg","title":"Drawings"},{"src":"http:\/\/dpmzdr.infomedia.digital\/files\/b1\/68\/s2b16886d82cd3796e6b0a5a711ec4c19c1c0d6a63.jpg","title":"Drawings"}]

Модель (деталка): ShchEL1

Заголовок (деталка): Diesel Locomotive

Подвал описания: In the autumn of 1997, the ShchEL1 was removed from its pedestal and delivered to the Central Museum of the Oktyabrskaya Railway in St. Petersburg.

Заголовок истории: Chronology

Mnemonic code: 95

Code in external DB source: 438

Name: Shc-EL-1 Ya. M. Gakkel

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