Exhibits

Wagons

KLN 4178

<space=1em>Transportation of the wounded

<space=1em>The first hospital trains began to be formed in the Russian Empire with the approach of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. As early as December 4 1876 an imperial decree was issued on the formation of 14 hospital trains. Such a train was to include 17 three-axle or 12 four-axle hospital cars, two passenger cars for medical personnel and servants, and three covered two-axle freight cars. Each train was intended for the simultaneous transportation of at least 250 wounded and sick.

<space=1em>During the war years

<space=1em>Already during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the Russian Red Cross hospital trains transported over two hundred thousand sick and wounded. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1903–1904 they evacuated 87,000 sick and wounded. During the First World War, additional military hospital trains were formed. During the Russian Civil War, 242 hospital trains operated on the side of the Red Army.

<space=1em>Sanitary trains

<space=1em>June 24 1941 The People's Commissariat of Railways instructed the railways to form 288 military-sanitary trains. 6,000 were allocated for them. All locomotive and carriage repair plants and workshops were involved in the re-equipment of carriages. By 1942 there were about 700 military-sanitary trains in operation.

<space=1em>Composition

<space=1em>The military hospital train consisted of specially equipped cars of the following types: a clothing store and power station, a food and linen store, a kitchen, a car for the seriously wounded and sick, a pharmacy-dressing room, a car for the command staff and office, a car for the crew, for the slightly wounded and sick, for contagious patients.

<space=1em>Museum exhibit

<space=1em>During the Great Patriotic War, several hundred permanent and temporary trains were used to transport the wounded.

<space=1em>The pharmacy-dressing car Kln 4178 arrived at the Russian Railway Museum in September 2019 from Podmoskovnaya station. The restoration of the carriage was based on the "Album of Drawings of the Rolling Stock Equipment of Permanent and Temporary Military Sanitary Trains", published in 1941.

<space=1em>The body repair and interior reconstruction were carried out by the Experimental Plant of the October Railway.

ID экспоната: 143

Аудио: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/43/45/434596ff3eedff5db43d9b36939d33ab31fd7863.ogg

Галерея изображений: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/7b/df/s17bdf8c792279a3646e5b96775a88d0fb2b34a402.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/45/89/s14589741c1d593ba20d82ddbe9884007e0ba9d952.jpg

Галерея изображений (оригинал): http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/7b/df/7bdf8c792279a3646e5b96775a88d0fb2b34a402.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/45/89/4589741c1d593ba20d82ddbe9884007e0ba9d952.jpg

Галерея изображений 2000: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/7b/df/s27bdf8c792279a3646e5b96775a88d0fb2b34a402.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/45/89/s24589741c1d593ba20d82ddbe9884007e0ba9d952.jpg

Исторические фото: http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/d9/8b/s1d98bd31891cd8149a617166723a222a0e3082b04.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/df/c5/s1dfc50dc593a17dc3438884a495bfa7871883717a.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/2c/88/s12c888de288f9802fc46b277b39b02d571b7de23d.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/bf/e5/s1bfe518279e4abdde05fc0d2156d313a358de7acb.jpg / http://dpmzdr.infomedia.digital/files/28/ba/s128ba0993745d15622c95fdc0a3d13b530df71793.jpg

Параметры (технические характеристики): Tare of a wagon with a generator, t 43.3 Tare of a wagon without a generator, t 41 / Gross axle load, t 12.07/12.95 Gross linear meter track load, t 2.27/2.41 Coupling type Automatic coupling or harness Lighting Electric and candle Ventilation Natural Heating Independent water Trolley type Balanceless Egorov plant or CVTK. CMV bogie is installed on rolling bearings Overall dimensions 1B Length along automatic coupling axes, mm 21,390 Width, mm 3,270 Height, mm 4,333

Хронология: <space=1em>The first sanitary trains began to be formed in the Russian Empire with the approach of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. For this purpose, on December 4, 1876, an imperial decree was issued on the formation of 14 sanitary trains. In accordance with the decree, such a train was to consist of 17 three-axle or 12 four-axle sanitary cars, 2 passenger cars for medical personnel and servants. As well as 3 covered two-axle freight cars: a kitchen car, a storeroom car, and a car for dirty linen and the dead en route. <space=1em>Each train, formed only in wartime, was intended to simultaneously transport at least 250 wounded and sick. Already during the Russo-Turkish War, sanitary trains of the Russian Red Cross transported over two hundred thousand sick and wounded. <space=1em>A large number of sanitary trains were formed in Russia during the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1903-1904, sanitary trains evacuated 87 thousand sick and wounded. <space=1em>During the First World War, additional military sanitary trains were formed at the expense of members of the royal family and the nobility of various provinces. <space=1em>During the Civil War in Russia, 242 sanitary trains operated on the side of the Red Army. <space=1em>On June 24, 1941, the People's Commissariat of Railways (NKPS) instructed the railways to form 288 military sanitary trains (VSP). Six thousand cars were allocated for them and a staff of railway workers was determined. All locomotive and carriage repair plants and workshops were involved in the re-equipment of the cars. By 1942, there were already about 700 military hospital trains in operation: 260 permanent hospital trains, 137 temporary hospital trains, and 300 mobile hospital trains. A military hospital train (MHT) consisted of specially equipped cars of the following types: — a car with a clothing store and power station; — a car with a food and linen store (for a permanent MHT); — a kitchen car; — a car for the seriously wounded and sick; — a car with a pharmacy and dressing station; — a car for command personnel and an office; — a car for the crew; — a car for the slightly wounded and sick; — a car for the contagious (isolation ward). <space=1em>In addition to permanent and temporary MHTs, the so-called mobile hospital trains played a huge role in the evacuation of the wounded. They traveled short distances and were mainly formed from covered freight cars equipped for transporting the wounded. During the Great Patriotic War, several hundred permanent and temporary trains were used to transport the wounded, and many wounded and sick soldiers were transported. <space=1em>The pharmacy-dressing car was delivered to the Russian Railway Museum in September 2019 from Podmoskovnaya station. The car was restored based on the "Album of Drawings of Rolling Stock Equipment for Permanent and Temporary Military Sanitary Trains." It was published by the Military Mobilization Directorate of the People's Commissariat of Railways in 1941. <space=1em>The body repair and interior reconstruction were carried out by the Experimental Plant of the October Railway.

Блоки описания: [{"quote":"As early as 4th December 1876, an imperial decree was handed down on the creation of 14 hospital trains.","title":"","images":[],"content":"The first hospital trains in the Russian Empire appeared with the onset of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878. As early as 4th December 1876, an imperial decree was handed down on the creation of 14 hospital trains. These trains were to consist of 17 three-axle or 12 four-axle hospital cars, two passenger cars for medical personnel and orderlies and three covered two-axle goods cars. Each train was intended for the simultaneous transport of at least 250 wounded and sick.","subtitle":"Transporting the Wounded"},{"quote":"During the Russo-Japanese war of 1903–1904, the hospital trains evacuated 87 000 sick and wounded.","title":"","images":[],"content":"During the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878, the hospital trains of the Russian Red Cross transported over 200 000 sick and wounded. During the Russo-Japanese war of 1903–1904, the hospital trains evacuated 87 000 sick and wounded, andduring World War I, additional hospital trains were put into service. 242 hospital trains operated on the side of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.","subtitle":"The War Years"},{"quote":"","title":"Refurbishment","images":[],"content":"On 24th June 1941, the People’s Commissariat of Communication Routes gave the order for the railways to form 288 military hospital trains. 6,000 cars were allocated for this. All locomotive and car repair plants and workshops were involved in the refurbishments of the cars. By 1942, about 700 military hospital trains were in operation.","subtitle":"Hospital Trains"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"Military hospital trains consisted of specially equipped cars of the following types: clothing store and power generator, food and linen store, kitchen, car for the seriously wounded and sick, pharmacy and wound dressing car, car for the command staff and clerical work, cars for the crew, for the lightly wounded and sick, for contagious patients.","subtitle":"Composition"},{"quote":"The car was restored based on the “Album of Drawings of Rolling Stock Equipment for Permanent and Temporary Military Hospital Trains”, published in 1941.","title":"","images":[],"content":"During World War II, several hundred permanent and temporary trains were used to transport the wounded.","subtitle":"Museum Exhibit"},{"quote":"","title":"","images":[],"content":"The pharmacy and wound dressing car Kln 4178 arrived at the Russian Railway Museum in September 2019 from Podmoskovnaya Station. The car was restored based on the “Album of Drawings of Rolling Stock Equipment for Permanent and Temporary Military Hospital Trains”, published in 1941.","subtitle":""}]

Характеристики (блоками): [{"name":"Wagon container with generator, t","type":"number","value":"43,3","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Axle load, gross, t","type":"number","value":"12,07 \/ 12,95","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Load per linear meter of track, gross, t","type":"number","value":"2,27 \/ 2,41","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Gauge","type":"number","value":"1В","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Coupling type","type":"text","value":"Automatic coupling, harness","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Ventilation","type":"text","value":"Natural","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Length along the axles of automatic couplings, mm","type":"number","value":"21 390","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Width, mm","type":"number","value":"3 270","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Height, mm","type":"number","value":"4 333","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Wagon container without generator, t","type":"number","value":"41","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Lighting","type":"text","value":"Electric, candlestick","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Heating, t","type":"text","value":"Water independen","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Trolley type","type":"text","value":"Balance beamless Egorov plant, CVTK","is_two_colls":false},{"name":"Installed trolley","type":"text","value":"The CMV on rolling bearings","is_two_colls":false}]

История (блоками): [{"year":"1877–1878","content":"The first sanitary trains began to be formed in the Russian Empire with the approach of the Russo-Turkish War."},{"year":"December 4, 1876","content":"An imperial decree was issued on the formation of 14 medical trains."},{"year":"1877–1878","content":"During the Russo-Turkish War, medical trains of the Russian Red Cross transported over 200,000 sick and wounded."},{"year":"1903–1904","content":"During the Russo-Japanese War, medical trains evacuated 87,000 sick and wounded."},{"year":"June 24, 1941","content":"The People's Commissariat of Railways instructed the railways to form 288 military medical trains."},{"year":"1942","content":"About 700 military medical trains were in operation."},{"year":"September 2019","content":"The drugstore-dressing car Kln 4178 was delivered to the Museum of Russian Railways from Podmoskovnaya station."}]

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Модель (деталка): Kln No. 4178

Заголовок (деталка): Pharmacy-dressing wagon

Подвал описания: Repair of the body and reconstruction of the interior was performed by the Experimental Plant of the Oktyabrskaya Railway.

Заголовок истории: Chronology

Mnemonic code: 143

Code in external DB source: 18472

Name: KLN 4178

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